The aim of this critical review was to clarify recommended fluid intake for older people. A literature search of published articles and guidelines on fluid intake recommendations until April 2020 was carried out using PUBMED, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. In this review, we focused on people over 65 years old at different care levels. The results show that the mean fluid intake ranges between 311 and 2390 mL/day. However, it is difficult to know whether this corresponds to the real pattern of fluid intake, due to the variability of data collection methods. With respect to the recommendations, most international organizations do not take into consideration the physiology of ageing or the health problems associated with an older population. In conclusions, we recommend to follow the guideline of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). ESPEN is the only guideline which takes into account age. It is also based on EFSA recommendations. This authority takes into consideration all fluids consumed (ranging from food to fluids). If it is known that around 20% of all fluids consumed come from food, the result would effectively be that the EFSA recommends the same as the ESPEN guidelines: 1.6 L/day for females and 2.0 L/day for males. The findings could help raise the awareness of professionals in the sector with respect to the required fluid intake of the elderly and, in this way, contribute to avoiding the consequences of dehydration.

Aim: To obtain consensus on barriers and facilitators to nurse prescribing following its recent introduction in Spain.Design: A three round online Delphi survey and focus group.Methods: An exploratory method was used with three consecutive rounds of questionnaires based on anonymity and feedback, and a focus group. The study was carried out with primary care, specialized care, socio‐health care and manager nurses.Results: On the basis of the Delphi study that was conducted, a list of 15 barriers and 18 facilitators of nurse prescribing was obtained. However, no general consensus was found with respect to the prioritization of these barriers/facilitators. The analysis of the results of the focus group confirmed the information obtained from the Delphi study. The main barriers highlighted were dependence on the figure of the physician, insufficient training in pharmacology, a lack of institutional support and the limited list of products that could be prescribed. The key facilitators were academic knowledge and ongoing training and education, independence in the functions and responsibilities of the nursing profession, adaptation to new roles and autonomy in the case of chronic care processes.Conclusion: Nurses were generally positive about the introduction of nurse prescribing. The commitment of nurses to training and their accreditation as prescribers (internal forces) and health policy and nursing management (external forces) play a fundamental role in supporting the basis of nurse prescribing and ensuring that it is developed with the identified support resources, such as staff training and the provision of the materials necessary for its proper implementation, all with the aim of guaranteeing quality healthcare.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Strong models of nurse prescribing are being considered globally to address population needs. The results can help the future implementation of non‐medical independent prescribing and provide guidance to the government and society on the interventions that can be used to consolidate it.Impact: What problem did the study address? By 2027, the world's population will receive more than 4.5 trillion doses of medicine each year. However, the WHO estimates a projected shortfall of 10 million health workers by 2030. Inadequacies with traditional physician‐led care systems mean that new approaches are imperative to maintain patient access to prescription medicines, with NP being a key element in this regard. In Catalonia (Spain), the accreditation process for nurses as prescribers was implemented in 2021. It is therefore of vital importance to question and consult the nurses themselves, the main promoters of the process, to find out their perceptions and thus be able to take them into consideration in the implementation process. What were the main findings? A total of 15 barriers and 17 facilitators were identified. The main perceived barriers are dependence on the figure of the physician, insufficient training in pharmacology during undergraduate studies and a lack of institutional support. The main perceived facilitators are academic knowledge and ongoing education and training, independence in nursing functions and responsibilities, and adaptation to new roles and tasks. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? These results can contribute to improving NP implementation in Spain and serve as a reference for other countries, especially where NP education and training have only recently been instigated or are in the planning process. Reporting Method: Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. SRQR.Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Background: Parents in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) face stress, anxiety and isolation, which affect their mental health and involvement in the care of their infants. Aim: To analyse, summarise and compare the most recent scientific evidence on interventions in NICU aimed at parents in order to improve their emotional state. Study Design: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley methodology and the PRISMA‐ScR list. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs), cohort and qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for quasi‐experimental studies. PubMed, CINAHL Plus and Scopus (2022–2024) were searched for studies according to predefined criteria. Results: A total of 27 studies were selected, the majority of which were RCTs, quasi‐experimental and qualitative. It was shown that low‐complexity family‐centred interventions, alternative therapies and communication and training strategies for parents are effective in improving emotional health and family well‐being, increasing parental self‐efficacy, strengthening family cohesion and facilitating adaptation to NICU. Conclusions: During hospitalisation in NICU, it is essential to address the emotional health of the family. It is key to apply individualised interventions that integrate psychological support, care education and effective communication. Involving all family members strengthens their emotional well‐being and improves their ability to cope. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Interventions to improve neonatal health are highlighted, focusing on humanised care, family involvement and communication. Nursing, with its holistic approach, is key, so managers should promote strategies that strengthen the emotional health of families and the quality of care in the NICU.

Revista oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición. Está dedicada al estudio y divulgación de temas relacionados con la nutrición.

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing global public health concern influenced by early-life conditions and broader environmental factors. Although industrial food systems shape dietary patterns, cross-national ecological evidence on how these environments influence childhood obesity through population-level pathways related to women’s health remains limited. Objective: This study aims to examine whether industrial food systems influence childhood obesity through population-level pathways involving women’s health, and to assess whether female obesity mediates the association between national sugar availability and childhood obesity prevalence. Methods: A cross-national ecological study was conducted using publicly available data from 46 countries (2015–2020). Childhood obesity (ages 5–19 years) and female obesity (≥18 years) were obtained from the WHO Global Health Observatory. Food system indicators were derived from FAOSTAT, and socioeconomic variables from the World Bank. Pearson correlations, multivariable regression models, and mediation analysis with bootstrapping (5000 resamples) were performed. Results: Female obesity was strongly associated with childhood obesity prevalence (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), explaining approximately 50% of its variance. Sugar availability was positively associated with both female obesity and childhood obesity (r = 0.49 for both associations; p < 0.001). In multivariable models, female obesity remained the only significant predictor (β = 0.61, p < 0.001), with the model explaining 59% of the variance (R² = 0.59; adjusted R² = 0.49). Mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of sugar availability on childhood obesity through female obesity (B = 0.013, p = 0.003), with no significant direct effect. Conclusions: These findings support a population-level framework in which industrial food systems may influence intergenerational obesity through pathways involving women’s health. Female obesity may act as an integrative marker linking food environments to childhood obesity risk.