Buckwheat is an economically important gluten free cereal, and it is a good source of protein, fiber, and energy. The field experiments with buckwheat variety “Novosadska” were set in two experimental years in Pancevo, Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the most optimal technology for buckwheat production. The study aims were to investigate the effects of (1) row spacing: RS₁-25 cm and RS₂-50 cm; (2) nutrition variants: (N₁) 0 kg ha⁻¹ NPK; (N₂) NPK 30 kg ha⁻¹; (N₃) NPK 60 kg ha⁻¹; and (N₄) NPK 90 kg ha⁻¹; (3) environment: Y₁-2018 and Y₂-2019; and their interactions on the plant height (PH), number of lateral branches (NoLB), mass of seeds per plant (MSP), number of seeds per plant (NoSP), buckwheat grain yield (GY); and (4) the correlations among these traits. All tested parameters of buckwheat significantly varied across row spacing, environment, and nutrition. The average grain yield in the row spacing, RD₁-25 cm, was significantly higher than in the wider spacing, RD₂-50 cm, and in 2018 than 2019 as well as with the nutrition NPK applied in the amount of 90 kg ha⁻¹ in relation with all the other nutrition variants. All the studied agronomic traits were positively and strongly correlated with GY.

Maize ranks first among worldwide production and an important source of human and animal feed. Its production can be affected by management practices and climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate stability of yield and hundred grains weight of six maize genotypes during two growing seasons at two locations, subjected to four different treatments: T₁ treatment—without herbicide, Control; T₂ treatment—active substance Nicosulfuron and Motivell commercial preparation; T₃ treatment—active substance Rimsulfuron and Tarot; and, T₄ treatment—active substance Forasulfuron and Equip. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction—AMMI model and genotype × environment interaction—GGE biplot were used to estimate GEI—genotype by environment interaction. The results showed that the influence of genotype (G), year (Y), locality (L), treatment (T) and all interaction on hundred grains weight were significant. The share of genotypes in the total phenotypic variance was 64.70%, while the share in total interaction was 26.88%. The share of IPCA1 in terms of G × T interaction was 50.6%, while share of IPCA2 was 44.74%, which comprised together 94.80% of interaction. The first IPCA1 axis showed high share in the total interaction, which indicates out significance of genotype in total variation and interaction, while high level of IPCA2 indicates a significant treatment effect. Genotype L-6 had the same mass of 100 grains (37.96 g) during both years of testing, while genotype L-1, with 4.46 g, had the largest difference between years. This clearly indicates the influence of genotype but also stress under the influence of sulfonylureas and environmental factors. The maize genotype with the highest values of hundred grains weight, L-5 and L-6, expressed the highest values of grain yield (4665 kg ha⁻¹ and 4445 kg ha⁻¹).

Sustainable farming is one of the priority goals of the “4 per 1000” concept with regard to the preservation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration. This paper presents a study on the use of a mixture of cover crops of self-grown oats (Avena sativa L.) and sown white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) in organic farming under the agroecological conditions of Serbia. The main objective was to identify sensitive carbon pools (microbial carbon and nitrogen, basal respiration and a number of specific groups of soil microorganisms) in organic farming with and without cover crops. The inclusion of a mixture of white mustard and self-grown oats as a cover crop led to a significantly increased biogenity of the soil compared to a control after only a few years of investigation. The number of microorganisms, soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon were significantly higher in the cover crop treatment compared to the control soil on an organic farm in Serbia. This is the first study in Serbia to investigate the effect of self-grown oats as a cover crop. Further research will incorporate a wider range of variables and factors in order to develop a sustainable and effective site-specific system for organic crop production in Serbia.

The aim of this work was to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus content in arable agricultural land on farms in the Republic of Serbia. The sampling of soils was carried out in 2020 with the recording of GPS coordinates and entering the obtained results into the software platform. The analysis of the nitrogen content (N) was determined by the Kotzman method and calculated from the humus on a sample of 30,957 plots, with an area of 19,629.24 ha. The phosphorus content (P2O5) was determined by extraction, whereby the easily soluble part of the phosphorus was transferred into a solution and colorimetrically determined in the resulting extract, on a sample of 28,944 plots with an area of 18,459.96 ha. The results obtained show that 64.59% of the area, i.e., 12,678.81 ha, had a good nitrogen content (0.2-0.1%). A very high phosphorus content (400.1-500.0 mg kg-1 of the area) was found on 27.68% of the area, which is 5,108.92 ha. On 15.34% of the plots where a harmful value was found, additional analyses should be carried out to determine the cause of such a high phosphorus content in the soil. Based on data on the content of total nitrogen and readily available phosphorus in the soil, the type and amount of fertilizer can be adequately selected, which can lead to a reduction in ecosystem pollution. The results in this study represent the basis for soil management, biodiversity protection and optimal planning of cultivation of arable, vegetable and fruit crops. The obtained results can help agricultural producers and other entities to increase the competitiveness of their production.

The paper focuses on the role and significance of knowledge transfer in the field of agriculture, with a particular emphasis on rural development in Serbia. It indicates that over the past two decades, agriculture has been facing numerous rapid and substantial changes, including digitalization and technological advancements, sustainability as a priority, increased use of biotechnology, climate change, and increasingly demanding consumers, resulting in the need for new approaches and knowledge bases. The paper analyzes specific forms of knowledge and the role of formal and informal education in addressing challenges in agriculture. Special attention is given to the role of advisory services in knowledge transfer, focusing on the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS). The aim of the paper is to emphasize the need to create a new knowledge base in response to current challenges in the agricultural sector, provide an overview of knowledge transfer in Serbia through the advisory system, and explore opportunities for improvement