GIS-NaP1 zeolite samples were synthesized using seven different Si/Al ratios (5–11) of the hydrothermal reaction mixtures having chemical composition Al₂O₃:xSiO₂:14Na₂O:840H₂O to study the impact of Si/Al molar ratio on the water vapour adsorption potential, phase purity, morphology and crystal size of as-synthesized GIS-NaP1 zeolite crystals. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations reveal that Si/Al ratio does not affect the phase purity of GIS-NaP1 zeolite samples as high purity GIS-NaP1 zeolite crystals were obtained from all Si/Al ratios. Contrary, Si/Al ratios have remarkable effect on the morphology, crystal size and porosity of GIS-NaP1 zeolite microspheres. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluations of individual GIS-NaP1 zeolite microsphere demonstrate the characteristic changes in the packaging/arrangement, shape and size of primary nano crystallites. Textural characterisation using water vapour adsorption/desorption, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption data of as-synthesized GIS-NaP1 zeolite predicts the existence of mix-pores i.e., microporous as well as mesoporous character. High water storage capacity 1727.5 cm³ g⁻¹ (138.9 wt.%) has been found for as-synthesized GIS-NaP1 zeolite microsphere samples during water vapour adsorption studies. Further, the total water adsorption capacity values for P6 (1299.4 mg g⁻¹) and P7 (1388.8 mg g⁻¹) samples reveal that these two particular samples can absorb even more water than their own weights.

To chase the environmental regulations regarding the quality of fuels the global society calls for zero sulfur fuels. Therefore, the issue of the removal of aromatics from fuels has become more serious because the existence of aromatics in fuel hinders the production of ultra-low sulfur fuel. It creates an enormous interest amongst the scientific community worldwide in research involving the dearomatization of fuels. The present perspective review discusses the need for dearomatization, the concepts, advantages and disadvantages of various processes used for dearomatization together with advances in the dearomatization of hydrocarbon fuels, more specifically of diesel fractions by solvent extraction. The more challenging task required for the dearomatization of diesel fractions by solvent extraction is the selection of a proper solvent along with the optimum extraction conditions. This review reveals key solvents and extraction conditions influencing the removal of aromatic components from petroleum derived fractions. In addition, it demonstrates the dependence of solvent selection criteria on the properties and boiling range of the feedstock. It also demonstrates that each of the solvents used offers some advantages and disadvantages from a techno-economic point of view irrespective of the solvents used in a particular process.

Solar H₂O₂ produced by O₂ reduction provides a green, efficient, and ecological alternative to the industrial anthraquinone process and H₂/O₂ direct-synthesis. We report efficient photocatalytic H₂O₂ production at a rate of 73.4 mM h^-1 in the presence of a sacrificial donor on a structurally engineered catalyst, alkali metal-halide modulated poly(heptazine imide) (MX → PHI). The reported H₂O₂ production is nearly 150 and >4250 times higher than triazine structured pristine carbon nitride under UV-visible and visible light (≥400 nm) irradiation, respectively. Furthermore, the solar H₂O₂ production rate on MX → PHI is higher than most of the previously reported carbon nitride (triazine, tri-s-triazine), metal oxides, metal sulfides, and other metal-organic photocatalysts. A record high AQY of 96% at 365 nm and 21% at 450 nm was observed. We find that structural modulation by alkali metal-halides results in a highly photoactive MX → PHI catalyst which has a broader light absorption range, enhanced light absorption ability, tailored bandgap, and a tunable band edge position. Moreover, this material has a different polymeric structure, high O₂ trapping ability, interlayer intercalation, as well as surface decoration of alkali metals. The specific C≡N groups and surface defects, generated by intercalated MX, were also considered as potential contributors to the separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, leading to enhanced photocatalytic activity. A synergy of all these factors contributes to a higher H₂O₂ production rate. Spectroscopic data help us to rationalize the exceptional photochemical performance and structural characteristics of MX → PHI.