Urinary incontinence (UI) is becoming an increasingly common health problem. UI treatment can be conservative or surgical. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of magnetic stimulation (MS) in the treatment of UI. We performed a systematic review in order to combine and compare results with results from our clinical study. A clinical prospective non-randomized study was carried out at the Ljubljana University Medical Center’s Gynecology Division. It included 82 randomly selected female patients, irrespective of their UI type. The success rate of using MS in treating UI was based on standardized ICIQ-UI SF questionnaires. Patients completed 10 therapy sessions on MS, and follow-up was performed 3 months after the last therapy session. UI improved after treatment with MS. The ICIQ-UI SF score improved in patients regardless of the type of UI. However, the greatest decrease in post-treatment assessment ICIQ-UI SF scores was seen in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Based on the findings described above, it can be concluded that MS is a successful non-invasive conservative method for treating UI. Future studies are necessary, all of which should include a large sample size, a control group, an optimal research protocol, pre-treatment analyses, standardization, and longer follow-ups.

Background: Decidual polyps are protruding nodules of ectopic deciduosis of endocervical stroma that occur during pregnancy. They are benign changes, associated with recurrent vaginal bleeding and infections, which can result in miscarriage, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), premature labor and/or delivery. There are no strict treatment guidelines for decidual polyps during pregnancy. Case: This paper describes a case of recurring symptomatic decidual polyp in each of the three pregnancies of a woman treated in our clinic for primary infertility. During the first and second pregnancy, we opted for polypectomy and conservative treatment, respectively. In both cases this led to loss of the fetus. During the patient’s third pregnancy we performed polypectomy and closely monitored both the patient and the fetus; she delivered a healthy baby in the 38th week of gestation. Conclusions: Due to the lack of clear guidelines, we maintain that frequent checkups, urethral swabs and polypectomy during the first trimester will lead to a positive outcome, i.e., delivery of a healthy baby by a healthy mother.

BACKGROUND Classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is a rare congenital condition affecting multiple organs, primarily the urinary and musculoskeletal systems. Management involves multiple reconstructive surgical procedures and aims to maintain renal function, achieve urinary continence, and support normal reproductive health. Pregnancies in women with CBE can be complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections, pelvic prolapse, and a higher risk of preterm birth. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of CBE, admitted at 32 weeks of pregnancy with fever and symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Her medical history included multiple surgeries, including formation of neovesica from the cecum with appendicovesicostomy to the abdominal wall. The pregnancy was complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections, anemia, gestational diabetes, and stage IV uterine prolapse. A multidisciplinary team managed her care, with imaging revealing altered abdominal anatomy and breech fetal presentation. At 37 weeks, due to concerns about fetal growth restriction, breech position, and potential prolapse exacerbation, an elective cesarean delivery with median relaparotomy and vertical uterine fundal incision was performed to avoid emergency intervention. Both the delivery and postpartum recovery were uneventful despite the complexity of the case. CONCLUSIONS Managing pregnancy in patients with CBE requires close, multidisciplinary collaboration to address potential complications. Detailed delivery planning and vigilant monitoring are crucial to ensure maternal and fetal safety.

Background: Uterine sarcomas are rare but highly aggressive mesenchymal malignancies associated with poor survival. Preoperative differentiation from benign leiomyomas remains a critical oncologic challenge, frequently resulting in unexpected postoperative diagnoses and potential tumour dissemination during morcellation. Reliable, accessible biomarkers to support preoperative risk assessment are lacking. This study evaluated whether CRP, a systemic inflammatory marker implicated in tumour biology, could aid in the preoperative identification of uterine sarcoma. Methods: This retrospective single-centre study included 39 patients with histologically confirmed uterine sarcoma and 39 patients with leiomyoma treated between 2010 and 2021. Preoperative serum CRP levels were compared between groups. As data were non-normally distributed, the Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparisons, and Spearman’s rank correlation was applied for association analyses. Results: Patients with sarcoma were significantly older than controls (56.2 ± 12.9 vs. 39.2 ± 6.7 years, p < 0.0001). Preoperative CRP levels were significantly higher in sarcoma patients compared with leiomyoma patients (26.4 ± 46.8 mg/L vs. 0.4 ± 1.6 mg/L; p < 0.001). Elevated CRP (>5 mg/L) was observed in 53.8% of sarcoma cases versus 2.6% of controls. Undifferentiated sarcomas demonstrated the highest CRP levels. CRP levels were not significantly associated with tumour aggressiveness. A moderate negative correlation between age and preoperative CRP was identified (r = −0.476, p = 0.029). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated a moderate discriminatory ability of preoperative CRP for differentiating uterine sarcoma from leiomyoma (AUC 0.751, 95% CI 0.668–0.834). Conclusions: Elevated preoperative CRP levels are significantly associated with uterine sarcoma and may enhance oncologic risk stratification prior to surgery. Integration of CRP into multimodal preoperative assessment algorithms could improve surgical planning and reduce the risk of inadvertent tumour dissemination. Prospective multicentre studies are required to validate its diagnostic performance and define clinically relevant cut-off values.

Background: Vascular malformations are congenital structural abnormalities of the blood vessels that may present at any age. In the vulvovaginal region, these lesions are uncommon and frequently misdiagnosed because their clinical appearance overlaps with common gynecologic conditions, particularly Bartholin’s gland cyst or abscess. Inappropriate surgical intervention without prior vascular evaluation may result in hemorrhage, incomplete treatment, and recurrence. Methods: A structured narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (January 2000–April 2024) to summarize the classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, differential diagnosis, and management of vulvovaginal vascular malformations. Publications addressing vascular anomalies in other anatomical locations were also included when clinically relevant. A representative clinical case confirmed by histopathologic and molecular analysis is presented to illustrate the diagnostic pitfalls. Results: Vulvovaginal vascular malformations are predominantly low-flow venous lesions but may include high-flow arteriovenous malformations. A clinical examination alone is insufficient for diagnosis. Doppler ultrasonography is the recommended initial imaging modality, followed by magnetic resonance imaging to define the lesion extent and flow characteristics. Misdiagnosis most commonly occurs when lesions are treated as Bartholin’s gland pathology without prior imaging. Low-flow lesions are generally managed with sclerotherapy or planned surgical excision, whereas high-flow lesions require embolization and multidisciplinary care. Hormonal and hemodynamic changes, including pregnancy, may precipitate enlargement or thrombosis. Conclusions: Vascular malformations should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical vulvar masses. Preoperative imaging is essential in order to avoid inappropriate surgical procedures. A structured diagnostic approach combining clinical assessment and imaging enables correct classification and guides treatment. The presented case demonstrates a typical diagnostic pitfall and emphasizes the importance of recognizing vascular lesions in gynecologic practice.