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Many uncertain factors exist in the water resource systems, leading to dynamic characteristics of the water distribution process. Especially for the watershed including irrigation area with multiple water sources and water users, it is complicated that the joint risk among available water from each water source and multi-uncertainties under water resource allocation among multiple water users. In this research, an approach is developed that a copula-based interval multi-stage fuzzy stochastic programming (CIMFSP) model. This research aims at figuring out the planning of a case study for water-resources management. In the multi-sources water supply subsystem, the copula function is introduced to tackle the interaction of water availability between two water sources (i.e., A &B). Joint risk was set 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 to reflect the shortage risk of total available water at diverse levels. An interval parameter multi-stage fuzzy stochastic programming (IMFSP) model is developed for water resource distribution in a multi-users water-demand subsystem. Through this model, uncertainties presented as interval numbers and probability distributions, as well as fuzzy sets, were handled. The dynamics of the entire water resource system can be reflected by multi-stage discrete trees. A series of solutions can be generated under multiple scenarios (i.e., joint risk and α-cut levels). The modeling results will produce a series of alternatives under a battery of scenarios and help the decision-makers get an insight into the tradeoff between the system economic benefit and financial penalties under the corresponding risk level. This approach is valuable for improving the feasibility of optimal results in the watershed with irrigation region water resource management.
Yutong Li; Yanpeng Cai; Qiang Fu; Xuan Wang; Chunhui Li; Qiang Liu; Ronghua Xu. A stochastic modeling approach for analyzing water resources systems. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 2021, 242, 103865 .
AMA StyleYutong Li, Yanpeng Cai, Qiang Fu, Xuan Wang, Chunhui Li, Qiang Liu, Ronghua Xu. A stochastic modeling approach for analyzing water resources systems. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. 2021; 242 ():103865.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYutong Li; Yanpeng Cai; Qiang Fu; Xuan Wang; Chunhui Li; Qiang Liu; Ronghua Xu. 2021. "A stochastic modeling approach for analyzing water resources systems." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 242, no. : 103865.
This research explored the effects of biochar on slope runoff and sediment transport processes and the hydrodynamic mechanism of rill erosion under the seasonal freeze–thaw climate in the black soil area of Northeast China. The four slopes of 1.8, 3.6, 5.4 and 7.2° were set, corn straw biochar was used, and three biochar contents of 0 kg m−2 (B0 treatment), 6 kg m−2 (B6 treatment) and 12 kg m−2 (B12 treatment) were applied. The experimental plot was placed outdoors to simulate the freeze–thaw cycle of sloping farmland under natural conditions. Three artificial simulated rainfall tests were carried out before the end of seasonal freeze–thaw cycles and spring sowing date (May) in 2018 and 2019. The sediment transport process of runoff and the variation of hydrodynamic parameters in rills were analyzed under one and two seasons of freezing and thawing in natural outdoor conditions. The results show that biochar has a positive effect on reducing rainfall runoff and soil loss after one year and two years of seasonal freezing and thawing. The effect of biochar on the sediment concentration of slope runoff increased with increasing application time; in the second year, the B6 and B12 treatments reduced the sediment concentration by 5.5–14.8% and 3.3–13.6%, respectively, compared with the values of the first year. The Reynolds number (Re) in the rill flow after the B6 and B12 treatments decreased with increasing duration, which effectively reduced the turbulence degree of the flow on the rill of the slope. With the increase in duration, the rill critical erosion power increased; in 2018 and 2019, the critical shear force, critical runoff power and critical unit runoff power were 0.403 Pa, 0.098 m s−1, and 0.002 N m−1 and 0.497 Pa, 0.124 m s−1, and 0.003 N m−1, respectively. This result indicates that increasing the duration and number of seasonal freeze–thaws can promote the development of biochar control of the runoff and sediment processes on slope and rill development.
Tianxiao Li; Pengfei Yu; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Hang Zhao; Song Xu; Yutian Zuo; Ping Xue. Effects of Biochar on Sediment Transport and Rill Erosion after Two Consecutive Years of Seasonal Freezing and Thawing. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6984 .
AMA StyleTianxiao Li, Pengfei Yu, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Renjie Hou, Hang Zhao, Song Xu, Yutian Zuo, Ping Xue. Effects of Biochar on Sediment Transport and Rill Erosion after Two Consecutive Years of Seasonal Freezing and Thawing. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):6984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianxiao Li; Pengfei Yu; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Hang Zhao; Song Xu; Yutian Zuo; Ping Xue. 2021. "Effects of Biochar on Sediment Transport and Rill Erosion after Two Consecutive Years of Seasonal Freezing and Thawing." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 6984.
Agroforestry systems are widely promoted for their economic and environmental benefits. Food, energy, water and land resources in agroforestry systems are inextricably intertwined and expected to be severely impacted by climate change. Socioeconomic development and increasing populations have posed unique challenges for meeting the demand for food, energy, water and land, and the challenge will become more pressing under projected resource shortages and eco-environmental deterioration. Thus, a method of optimizing and sustainably managing the water-land-food-energy nexus in agroforestry systems under climate change must be developed. This paper develops an optimization model framework for the sustainable management of limited water-land-food-energy resources in agroforestry systems under climate change. The aims are to (1) quantify the interactions and feedbacks within water, land, food and energy subsystems; (2) provide trade-offs among water and energy utilization efficiency, economic benefits and environmental protection in agroforestry systems; and (3) generate optimal policy options among water and land resources for different crops and woodlands in different regions under different climate change patterns. The model framework is based on multiobjective fractional programming, and compromise programming is used to solve it. Climate change patterns are obtained from atmospheric circulation models and representative concentration pathways. The above aims are investigated through an actual nexus management problem in northeast China. Spatiotemporal meteorological and report-based databases, life cycle assessments, Pearson correlation analyses, data envelopment analyses and analytic hierarchy processes are integrated to realize practical application. The results show that climate variation will change the water and land allocation patterns and these changes will be more pronounced for major grain-producing areas. The optimized water allocation decreased (especially for rice, e.g., the optimal average value of the irrigation quota of rice was 4226 m3/ha, while the corresponding actual irrigation requirement of rice was [4200–7200] m3/ha) to improve the water use efficiency, and surface water allocation accounted for two-thirds. Maize had the largest planting area, although planting soybean generated the most greenhouse gases (greenhouse gas emissions from field activities for rice, maize, and soybean were 43.46%, 84.06% and 91.16%, respectively); However, these gases can be absorbed by forests. The model improved the harmonious degree of the resource-economy-environment system from 0.24 to 0.56 after optimization. Integrated models contribute to the sustainable management of water, food, energy and land resources and can consider the complex dynamics under climate change. It can be used as a general model and extended to other agroforestry systems that show inefficient agricultural production.
Mo Li; Haiyan Li; Qiang Fu; Dong Liu; Lei Yu; Tianxiao Li. Approach for optimizing the water-land-food-energy nexus in agroforestry systems under climate change. Agricultural Systems 2021, 192, 103201 .
AMA StyleMo Li, Haiyan Li, Qiang Fu, Dong Liu, Lei Yu, Tianxiao Li. Approach for optimizing the water-land-food-energy nexus in agroforestry systems under climate change. Agricultural Systems. 2021; 192 ():103201.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMo Li; Haiyan Li; Qiang Fu; Dong Liu; Lei Yu; Tianxiao Li. 2021. "Approach for optimizing the water-land-food-energy nexus in agroforestry systems under climate change." Agricultural Systems 192, no. : 103201.
The coordinated development of land and water resources and the ecological environment is essential to regional sustainable development. In view of the current rapid development of information science, the coordination degree of eco-environmental systems has been evaluated from the perspective of development rate. Taking the major grain-producing areas in China as an example, this study used information entropy to determine the weights of various indicators and introduced the average annual growth rate to characterize the development rates of indicators. Through an improved dynamic coupling and coordination model, the coupling and coordination indices of the system and subsystems of land and water resources with the ecological environment were obtained. These indices were analyzed and compared with those generated from raw data. The results showed that during the study period, the land and water resources and the ecological-environmental system had a relatively low coupling, with reluctant coordination, and had a relatively low level of coordinated development. Compared with the results based on raw data, the development rate method yielded similar results on the coupling of subsystems. For the analysis of trends, the method using development rate characteristics better reflected the overall coupling of the system, as well as the coordination of the system when considering the range of relative changes. Therefore, evaluation results based on development rate characteristics can, to a certain degree, better help decision-makers timely understand the coordinated development of the land and water resources and the ecological-environmental system.
Qiang Fu; Kun Cheng; Kang Xu He; Kotaro Tagawa. Assessing the Coordination of Regional Water and Soil Resources and Ecological Environment System Based on Development Rate Characteristics. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleQiang Fu, Kun Cheng, Kang Xu He, Kotaro Tagawa. Assessing the Coordination of Regional Water and Soil Resources and Ecological Environment System Based on Development Rate Characteristics. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Fu; Kun Cheng; Kang Xu He; Kotaro Tagawa. 2021. "Assessing the Coordination of Regional Water and Soil Resources and Ecological Environment System Based on Development Rate Characteristics." , no. : 1.
To improve the performance of agricultural water resources and food production against a background of China's agricultural water price reform, an interval two-stage stochastic programming model is established and applied to account for impacts of agricultural water price reform and a water-saving technology subsidy in Heilongjiang Province, China. A water price affordability constraint and a water-saving technology subsidy to support uptake of water-saving irrigation technology are both introduced. Results of model runs show that when the current agricultural water price is increased to reflect national water price reform without a technology subsidy, the total income of irrigation farming is reduced by 2%-8%, with potential negative impacts on food production. However when an irrigation water-saving technology subsidy is introduced to accompany the increased water price, farm income can be protected and overall food production can be maintained. The two part mechanism of increased water price and water-saving technology subsidy can be used to encourage farmer to reduce water application rates as well as reduce land in production of high-water-consuming crops. Such a two part program offers considerable hope for protecting unsustainable use of water in water scarce regions while protecting farm income and food security in the face of unknown future water supply fluctuations.
Kun Cheng; Shuai Wei; Yongtai Ren; Qiang Fu. Optimal allocation of agricultural water resources under the background of China's agricultural water price reform-a case study of Heilongjiang province. Applied Mathematical Modelling 2021, 97, 636 -649.
AMA StyleKun Cheng, Shuai Wei, Yongtai Ren, Qiang Fu. Optimal allocation of agricultural water resources under the background of China's agricultural water price reform-a case study of Heilongjiang province. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2021; 97 ():636-649.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKun Cheng; Shuai Wei; Yongtai Ren; Qiang Fu. 2021. "Optimal allocation of agricultural water resources under the background of China's agricultural water price reform-a case study of Heilongjiang province." Applied Mathematical Modelling 97, no. : 636-649.
Frozen soil infiltration widely occurs in hydrological processes such as seasonal soil freezing and thawing, snowmelt infiltration, and runoff. Accurate measurement and simulation of parameters related to frozen soil infiltration processes are highly important for agricultural water management, environmental issues, and engineering problems in cold regions. Temperature changes cause soil pore size distribution variations and consequently dynamic infiltration capacity changes during different freeze–thaw periods. To better understand these complex processes and to reveal the freeze–thaw action effects on soil pore distribution and infiltration capacity, black soils, meadow soils, and chernozem were selected as test subjects. These soil types account for the largest arable land area in Heilongjiang Province, China. Laboratory tests of soils at different temperatures were conducted using a tension infiltrometer and ethylene glycol aqueous solution. The stable infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity were measured, and the soil pore distribution was calculated. The results indicated that for the different soil types, macropores, which constituted approximately 0.1 % to 0.2 % of the soil volume under unfrozen conditions, contributed approximately 50 % of the saturated flow, and after soil freezing, the soil macropore proportion decreased to 0.05 % to 0.1 %, while the saturated flow proportion decreased to approximately 30 %. Soil moisture froze into ice crystals inside relatively large pores, resulting in numerous smaller-sized pores, which reduced the number of macropores but increased the number of smaller-sized mesopores, so that the frozen soil infiltration capacity was no longer solely dependent on the macropores. After the ice crystals had melted, more pores were formed within the soil, enhancing the soil permeability.
Ruiqi Jiang; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Song Cui; Mo Li. Soil infiltration characteristics and pore distribution under freezing–thawing conditions. The Cryosphere 2021, 15, 2133 -2146.
AMA StyleRuiqi Jiang, Tianxiao Li, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Renjie Hou, Qinglin Li, Song Cui, Mo Li. Soil infiltration characteristics and pore distribution under freezing–thawing conditions. The Cryosphere. 2021; 15 (4):2133-2146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuiqi Jiang; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Song Cui; Mo Li. 2021. "Soil infiltration characteristics and pore distribution under freezing–thawing conditions." The Cryosphere 15, no. 4: 2133-2146.
The risk analysis of flood and drought disasters and the study of their influencing factors enhance our understanding of the temporal and spatial variation law of disasters and help identify the main factors affecting disasters. This paper uses the provincial administrative region of China as the research area. The statistical distribution of flood and drought disasters was optimized from 10 alternative distributions by the KS test, and the disaster risk was analyzed. Thirty-five indicators were selected from nature, agriculture and the social economy as alternative factors. The main factors affecting flood and drought disasters were selected by Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficient test. The results demonstrated that the distribution of floods and drought is right skewed, and the beta distribution is the best statistical distribution for fitting disasters. In terms of time, the risk of flood and drought disasters in all regions showed a downward trend. Economic development and the enhancement of the ability to resist disasters were the main reasons for the change in disasters. Spatially, the areas with high drought risk were mainly distributed in Northeast and North China, and the areas with high flood risk were mainly distributed in the south, especially in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Anhui. The distribution of floods and drought disasters was consistent with the distribution characteristics of precipitation and water resources in China. Among the natural factors, precipitation was the main factor causing changes in floods and drought disasters. Among the agricultural and socioeconomic factors, the indicators reflecting the disaster resistance ability and regional economic development level were closely related to flood and drought disasters. The research results have reference significance for disaster classification, disaster formation mechanisms and flood and drought resistance.
Wei Pei; Cuizhu Tian; Qiang Fu; Yongtai Ren; Tianxiao Li. Risk analysis and influencing factors of drought and flood disasters in China. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleWei Pei, Cuizhu Tian, Qiang Fu, Yongtai Ren, Tianxiao Li. Risk analysis and influencing factors of drought and flood disasters in China. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Pei; Cuizhu Tian; Qiang Fu; Yongtai Ren; Tianxiao Li. 2021. "Risk analysis and influencing factors of drought and flood disasters in China." , no. : 1.
To enhance the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and reduce the leakage of water conveyance channels, the leakage process of channels was simulated dynamically. The simulated results were compared with data measured in laboratory experiments, and the performance of the model was evaluated. The results indicated that the simulated values of the model were consistent with the observation values, and the R2 values varied between 0.91 and 0.99. In addition, based on the laboratory experiments, a water supply system (Mariotte bottles) and soil box were built using plexiglass. Three influencing factors, namely, the channel form, soil texture and channel cross‐sectional area, were varied to observe and calculate the resulting cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and wetting front migration distance. HYDRUS‐3D software was used to solve the three‐dimensional soil water movement equation under different initial conditions. The results demonstrated that the U‐shaped channel was more effective than the trapezoidal channel in increasing the utilization efficiency of the water resources. A U‐shaped channel with a small channel cross‐sectional area should be adopted and the soil particle size should be prioritized in the construction of water conveyance channels for farmlands. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed results, which indicates that HYDRUS‐3D is a reliable tool that can accurately simulate the soil moisture movement in water conveyance channels. The research results can provide a reference for the design and operation of farmland irrigation systems.
Zhifan Mu; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Yi Ji; Song Cui; Mo Li. How soil texture, channel shape and cross‐sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels. Hydrological Processes 2021, 35, e14155 .
AMA StyleZhifan Mu, Tianxiao Li, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Renjie Hou, Qinglin Li, Yi Ji, Song Cui, Mo Li. How soil texture, channel shape and cross‐sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels. Hydrological Processes. 2021; 35 (4):e14155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhifan Mu; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Yi Ji; Song Cui; Mo Li. 2021. "How soil texture, channel shape and cross‐sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels." Hydrological Processes 35, no. 4: e14155.
The nonlinear relationship between runoff and time is a major challenge in hydrological forecasting. It is important to improve the prediction accuracy of models for disaster mitigation, thus allowing decision makers to make decisions in advance. This paper proposes a method called joint error correction. First, we cluster the initial prediction errors. Then, the moving average method is used to smooth the classified error series. Finally, we establish a 4D copula function model for errors in different forecasting periods. After a sampling test, we compared the errors before and after the correction. We found the system corrected the initial error of the Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM). The overestimation of flood in LS-SVM model is reduced. Taking the runoff data from the Fu Yu hydrological station from 2004 to 2018 as an example, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) The correction effect of errors after pretreatment is better than that without pretreatment. Compared with the initial error, the NSE values of the revised models in four different forecasting periods increased by 8%, 5%, 5% and 16%, and the decreases in the RMSE values were 39.37%, 12.25%, 10.38% and 32.6%. 2) After the initial error was corrected, the errors in ωt,- were correlated with each other, and the variables in ω-,h were independent of each other. After preprocessing the initial values, the joint error improvement value groups ωt,- and ω-,h displayed independent characteristics. 3) The revised forecast was unbiased. Therefore, the overestimated actual runoff predicted was corrected to some extent.
Yan Liu; Yi Ji; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Tianxiao Li; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Song Cui; Mo Li. A new method for runoff prediction error correction based on LS-SVM and a 4D copula joint distribution. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 598, 126223 .
AMA StyleYan Liu, Yi Ji, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Tianxiao Li, Renjie Hou, Qinglin Li, Song Cui, Mo Li. A new method for runoff prediction error correction based on LS-SVM and a 4D copula joint distribution. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 598 ():126223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Liu; Yi Ji; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Tianxiao Li; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Song Cui; Mo Li. 2021. "A new method for runoff prediction error correction based on LS-SVM and a 4D copula joint distribution." Journal of Hydrology 598, no. : 126223.
Drought events occur more frequently under recent climate change. Generally, meteorological drought is the fuse of hydrological drought; thus, it is important to understand the characteristics of meteorological drought and its propagation to hydrological drought for early warning. Taking the Pearl River Basin (PRB) in China as study area, this study adopted K‐means cluster analysis method to divide the PRB into subregions with similar precipitation characteristics. Then, standardized precipitation index and standardized runoff index were used to analyze the characteristics of meteorological drought and hydrological drought, respectively, and the maximum Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the drought propagation time (DPT) between these two types of drought. Moreover, the link between meteorological drought and hydrological drought was explored based on continuous wavelet transform and cross wavelet transform. The results revealed that: the PRB has experienced severe meteorological and hydrological droughts since early 2000s, and hydrological drought was more serious than meteorological drought in each of the five subregions in the PRB. The DPTs from meteorological drought to hydrological drought were mainly 2–6 months, and the periodic characteristics of meteorological drought were mainly responsible for those of hydrological drought. Precipitation and runoff could greatly affect the DPT, while the impacts of evapotranspiration and shallow soil moisture on the DPT were not significant. Furthermore, El‐Niño Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation are important factors that affect the DPT from meteorological to hydrological drought in the PRB.
Zhaoqiang Zhou; Haiyun Shi; Qiang Fu; Yibo Ding; Tianxiao Li; Yao Wang; Suning Liu. Characteristics of Propagation From Meteorological Drought to Hydrological Drought in the Pearl River Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2021, 126, 1 .
AMA StyleZhaoqiang Zhou, Haiyun Shi, Qiang Fu, Yibo Ding, Tianxiao Li, Yao Wang, Suning Liu. Characteristics of Propagation From Meteorological Drought to Hydrological Drought in the Pearl River Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2021; 126 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoqiang Zhou; Haiyun Shi; Qiang Fu; Yibo Ding; Tianxiao Li; Yao Wang; Suning Liu. 2021. "Characteristics of Propagation From Meteorological Drought to Hydrological Drought in the Pearl River Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 4: 1.
To investigate the adsorption mechanism of heavy metals by biochar under freeze-thaw conditions, based on indoor simulation experiments, the changes in pH value, surface area (SA), pore structure and functional groups of biochar under natural and freeze-thaw conditions were analysed. Using isothermal adsorption method, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations of heavy metals, the adsorption characteristics of biochar for heavy metals Cu and Zn were analysed. The results showed that after 10 periods (30 cycles), the pH value of the biochar decreased from 8.80 to 7.99, the SA increased from 6.28 m2/g to 20.26 m2/g, the pore volume (PV) decreased from 0.009 mL/g to 0.003 mL/g, and the pore diameter (PD) decreased from 1.692 to 1.423 nm. In period 10, compared to the control group (CK), the adsorption capacity of Cu and Zn increased by 72.00% and 44.55%, respectively, and the number of oxygen-containing functional groups -OH, -COOH and -C=O greatly increased. This study provides scientific and reasonable theoretical guidance for future studies on the biochar adsorption and biochar remediation of soil.
Zhen Wang; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Song Cui; Mo Li. Research on the adsorption mechanism of Cu and Zn by biochar under freeze-thaw conditions. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 774, 145194 .
AMA StyleZhen Wang, Tianxiao Li, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Renjie Hou, Qinglin Li, Song Cui, Mo Li. Research on the adsorption mechanism of Cu and Zn by biochar under freeze-thaw conditions. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 774 ():145194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhen Wang; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Qinglin Li; Song Cui; Mo Li. 2021. "Research on the adsorption mechanism of Cu and Zn by biochar under freeze-thaw conditions." Science of The Total Environment 774, no. : 145194.
Biochar, as a kind of soil amendment, has attracted wide attention from scholars in various countries, and the effects of biochar on soil and water loss have been well reported. However, soil erosion is significantly affected by geographical conditions, climate, and other factors, and research on the characteristics of soil erosion and the effects of biochar application in seasonally frozen soil areas is currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of corn straw biochar application on soil and water conservation during the spring thawing period. Specifically, through field experiments, the addition of 0, 6, and 12 kg m−2 biochar on slopes of 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, and 7.2° and the effects on runoff and the soil erosion rate of farmland were analyzed. The results showed that in the 6 and 12 kg m−2 biochar addition treatments, the saturated water content of the soil increased by 24.17 and 42.91%, and the field capacity increased by 32.44 and 51.30%, respectively. Compared with the untreated slope, with an increase in biochar application rate, runoff decreased slightly, and soil erosion decreased significantly. This study reveals that biochar can be used as a potential measure to prevent soil and water loss on sloping farmland in cold regions.
Pengfei Yu; Tianxiao Li; Qiang Fu; Dong Liu; Renjie Hou; Hang Zhao. Effect of Biochar on Soil and Water Loss on Sloping Farmland in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China during the Spring Thawing Period. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1460 .
AMA StylePengfei Yu, Tianxiao Li, Qiang Fu, Dong Liu, Renjie Hou, Hang Zhao. Effect of Biochar on Soil and Water Loss on Sloping Farmland in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China during the Spring Thawing Period. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1460.
Chicago/Turabian StylePengfei Yu; Tianxiao Li; Qiang Fu; Dong Liu; Renjie Hou; Hang Zhao. 2021. "Effect of Biochar on Soil and Water Loss on Sloping Farmland in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China during the Spring Thawing Period." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1460.
Irrigated agriculture is the dominant user of world’s fresh water which feeds the world’s growing population. Conflicts between stakeholders; incompatibility of economic, social, and environmental development; and uncertainties in water supply and demand restrict the sustainable development of irrigated agriculture. This study developed a multi-scale multi-objective programming model for simultaneous optimal allocation of irrigation water and cropland to balance conflicts between farmers’ income and sustainable development of irrigation districts (reflected in economic, social, and environmental aspects). Consideration of the joint uncertainties of water supply and demand helps provide practical and indicative schemes for agricultural water and land allocation. The developed model was applied to a real case study in an irrigation district in northeast China. Farmers’ income, net economic benefit, resources allocation equity, and global warming potential were coordinated by optimally allocating limited water and cropland resources to different crops in different subareas under different combinational scenarios of water supply and demand. The performance of the model was evaluated, based on the concept of “adaptability” which can help realize the degree of ability of the irrigated agricultural system to adapt to changing environment. The developed model can help plan irrigation water and cropland resources in a sustainable way, and can be a reference for similar irrigation systems worldwide.
Mo Li; Hao Sun; Dong Liu; Vijay P. Singh; Qiang Fu. Multi-scale modeling for irrigation water and cropland resources allocation considering uncertainties in water supply and demand. Agricultural Water Management 2020, 246, 106687 .
AMA StyleMo Li, Hao Sun, Dong Liu, Vijay P. Singh, Qiang Fu. Multi-scale modeling for irrigation water and cropland resources allocation considering uncertainties in water supply and demand. Agricultural Water Management. 2020; 246 ():106687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMo Li; Hao Sun; Dong Liu; Vijay P. Singh; Qiang Fu. 2020. "Multi-scale modeling for irrigation water and cropland resources allocation considering uncertainties in water supply and demand." Agricultural Water Management 246, no. : 106687.
In this study, we compared the decontamination kinetics of various target compounds and the oxidation by-products (bromate and chlorate) of PMS, PDS, and H2O2 under UV irradiation (UV/PMS, UV/PDS, UV/H2O2). Probes of different reactivity with hydroxyl and sulfate radicals, such as benzoic acid (BA), nitrobenzene (NB), and trichloromethane (TCM), were selected to compare the decontamination efficiency of the three oxidation systems. Experiments were performed under acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH conditions to obtain a full-scale comparison of UV/peroxides. Furthermore, the decontamination efficiency was also compared in the presence of common radical scavengers in water bodies [bicarbonate, carbonate, and natural organic matter (NOM)]. Finally, the formation of oxidation by-products, bromate, and chlorate, was also monitored in comparison in pure water and tap water. Results showed that UV/H2O2 showed higher decontamination efficiency than UV/PDS and UV/PMS for BA degradation while UV/H2O2 and UV/PMS showed better decontamination performance than UV/PDS for NB degradation under acidic and neutral conditions. UV/PMS was the most efficient among the three processes for BA and NB degradation under alkaline conditions, while UV/PDS was the most efficient for TCM degradation under all pH conditions. In pure water, both bromate and chlorate were formed in UV/PDS, small amounts of bromate and rare chlorate were observed in UV/PMS, and no detectable bromate and chlorate were formed in UV/H2O2. In tap water, no bromate and chlorate were detectable for all three systems.
Ying-Hong Guan; Jin Chen; Li-Jun Chen; Xin-Xin Jiang; Qiang Fu. Comparison of UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV/PDS in Destruction of Different Reactivity Compounds and Formation of Bromate and Chlorate. Frontiers in Chemistry 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleYing-Hong Guan, Jin Chen, Li-Jun Chen, Xin-Xin Jiang, Qiang Fu. Comparison of UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV/PDS in Destruction of Different Reactivity Compounds and Formation of Bromate and Chlorate. Frontiers in Chemistry. 2020; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing-Hong Guan; Jin Chen; Li-Jun Chen; Xin-Xin Jiang; Qiang Fu. 2020. "Comparison of UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV/PDS in Destruction of Different Reactivity Compounds and Formation of Bromate and Chlorate." Frontiers in Chemistry 8, no. : 1.
In seasonally frozen soil areas, voluminous meltwater forms during the melting period with frequent winds. Research on the energy and mass processes during this snow-melting period and on methods for estimating the amount of meltwater needs to be further improved. In this paper, a real-time snow melt detector (RSMD) was developed to monitor the amount of meltwater and water vapor (the sum of snow sublimation and meltwater evaporation(SVS)) simultaneously at constant wind speeds of 3.2 m/s and 0 m/s. Based on the monitoring results, we use the snow-blown energy coefficient (EC) to describe the effect of wind on snow ablation and the mass coefficient (MC) to describe the meltwater proportion. Based on the law of mass conservation, a formula for estimating meltwater was established with the occurrence probability of different wind speeds as the main variable. The local meltwater ratio of this study was 0.726. Higher ambient temperatures inhibit SVS. Wind greatly increases SVS. In most cases, wind can reduce the amount of meltwater. The EC under a 3.2 m/s wind speed was 50~150%. These research results have important significance for understanding the snow melting process and efficiently guiding agricultural irrigation and water resource development.
Yunlong Li; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Yi Ji; Song Cui. Estimation of snow meltwater based on the energy and mass processes during the soil thawing period in seasonally frozen soil areas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2020, 292-293, 108138 .
AMA StyleYunlong Li, Tianxiao Li, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Renjie Hou, Yi Ji, Song Cui. Estimation of snow meltwater based on the energy and mass processes during the soil thawing period in seasonally frozen soil areas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2020; 292-293 ():108138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunlong Li; Tianxiao Li; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Renjie Hou; Yi Ji; Song Cui. 2020. "Estimation of snow meltwater based on the energy and mass processes during the soil thawing period in seasonally frozen soil areas." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 292-293, no. : 108138.
Residual resources in agriculture provide prime raw material for bioenergy production whose optimization has potential to promote agricultural economy while mitigating environmental side-effects. Food, energy, water, and land resources are intertwined in agricultural systems. Effective management of bioenergy production, considering the nexus of these resources, is needed for the sustainable development of agriculture, which is challenging because of the uncertainties involved therein. This study proposes an optimization-assessment approach (input/output relationship) for sustainable bioenergy production in agricultural systems. The approach is capable of (1) providing decision makers with the ability to determine optimal policy options among water, land, energy, and livestock, considering the tradeoff between economic and environmental impacts for bioenergy production; (2) helping decision makers identify the level of sustainability of agricultural systems and where the effort should be made for various regions; and (3) dealing with the uncertainties to provide decision alternatives. The proposed approach is applied to a case study in the particular context of northeast China, which is predominantly an agricultural region with large bioenergy potential. The changing range of bioenergy production potential, system costs, and environmental impacts were obtained, based on different schemes for the allocation of agricultural resources among different regions. Economic-environmental impact and sensitivity analyses were conducted, and agricultural system sustainability was assessed in a changing environment. Considering the complexity due to uncertainty, the proposed approach can help manage bioenergy production in agricultural systems in a sustainable way, and will be applicable for similar agriculture-centered regions.
Mo Li; Qiang Fu; Vijay P. Singh; Dong Liu; Jiang Li. Optimization of sustainable bioenergy production considering energy-food-water-land nexus and livestock manure under uncertainty. Agricultural Systems 2020, 184, 102900 .
AMA StyleMo Li, Qiang Fu, Vijay P. Singh, Dong Liu, Jiang Li. Optimization of sustainable bioenergy production considering energy-food-water-land nexus and livestock manure under uncertainty. Agricultural Systems. 2020; 184 ():102900.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMo Li; Qiang Fu; Vijay P. Singh; Dong Liu; Jiang Li. 2020. "Optimization of sustainable bioenergy production considering energy-food-water-land nexus and livestock manure under uncertainty." Agricultural Systems 184, no. : 102900.
Vegetation is an important link between water, atmosphere and land, and the growth of vegetation is an important indicator of ecosystem change. Therefore, it is essential to study the dynamic changes of vegetation and predict the vegetation dynamics. Based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and statistical analysis (e.g., trend analysis methods and Hurst exponent), this study investigates the historical dynamic changes of vegetation in China, and the multi-regression model was used to construct a predict model from the perspective of water deficit. The future features were predicted under two representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios from 12 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The results showed that 1) most areas (80.1%) of China showed increasing trends in the annual NDVI change during 1982–2015, and the areas showing the degradation trends were mainly found in Northeast China, North Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; 2) the prediction model constructed by precipitation and reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) can well predict the vegetation dynamics in China; and 3) the future vegetation in China will be better than that in the past, except for some areas (e.g., the northeastern and southeastern parts of China) in spring, and the dynamic changes of vegetation under RCP8.5 scenario will be greater than that under RCP4.5 scenario. Nevertheless, in spring, vegetation degradation cannot be ignored.
Zhaoqiang Zhou; Yibo Ding; Haiyun Shi; Huanjie Cai; Qiang Fu; Suning Liu; Tianxiao Li. Analysis and prediction of vegetation dynamic changes in China: Past, present and future. Ecological Indicators 2020, 117, 106642 .
AMA StyleZhaoqiang Zhou, Yibo Ding, Haiyun Shi, Huanjie Cai, Qiang Fu, Suning Liu, Tianxiao Li. Analysis and prediction of vegetation dynamic changes in China: Past, present and future. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 117 ():106642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoqiang Zhou; Yibo Ding; Haiyun Shi; Huanjie Cai; Qiang Fu; Suning Liu; Tianxiao Li. 2020. "Analysis and prediction of vegetation dynamic changes in China: Past, present and future." Ecological Indicators 117, no. : 106642.
Abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity constantly threaten food security. Biochar as a soil amendment has the potential to ameliorate soil and alleviate drought and salinity stress. Multiple studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar in alleviating independent drought or salinity stress. However, the potential of biochar in mitigating the combined drought and salinity stress on plants has not been studied so far. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in the climate-controlled chamber with the objective to investigate the effect of biochar on growth, physiology, and yield of quinoa under independent and combined drought and salinity stress. Quinoa plants were subjected to three irrigation treatments i.e., full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI), and alternate root-zone drying irrigation (ARD), two saline water treatments (0 and 400 mM) and two levels of biochar (0% and 5% by weight). In the FI treatment, plants were irrigated daily to maintain pot water-holding capacity. In limited irrigation treatments, 70% water of FI was applied either to the whole pot in DI or to one side of the pot alternating in ARD, respectively. The results showed that combined drought and salinity stress drastically affected growth and performance of quinoa compared to the independent drought or salinity stress. However, soil amendment with biochar had positive effect in mitigating both independent and combined effect of drought and salinity on quinoa plants. Furthermore, biochar amendment in ARD under salinity significantly enhanced plant height, shoot biomass, and grain by 11.7%, 18.8%, and 10.2% as compared with DI under salinity, respectively. In addition, leaf photosynthetic rate (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) decreased under limited saline irrigation. Moreover, the interactive effect of biochar and ARD efficiently adjusted the balance between chemical signal (leaf ABA) and hydraulic signal (leaf water potential). Thus, intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) and yield in ARD were significantly enhanced compared to DI, especially under salinity stress. Overall, biochar in combination with ARD might be a wise approach for sustaining crop productivity in salt affected and drought stressed areas of the world to ensure food security.
Aizheng Yang; Saqib Saleem Akhtar; Lin Li; Qiang Fu; Quanfeng Li; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Xinyao He; Ze Zhang; Sven-Erik Jacobsen. Biochar Mitigates Combined Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress in Quinoa. Agronomy 2020, 10, 912 .
AMA StyleAizheng Yang, Saqib Saleem Akhtar, Lin Li, Qiang Fu, Quanfeng Li, Muhammad Asif Naeem, Xinyao He, Ze Zhang, Sven-Erik Jacobsen. Biochar Mitigates Combined Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress in Quinoa. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAizheng Yang; Saqib Saleem Akhtar; Lin Li; Qiang Fu; Quanfeng Li; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Xinyao He; Ze Zhang; Sven-Erik Jacobsen. 2020. "Biochar Mitigates Combined Effects of Drought and Salinity Stress in Quinoa." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 912.
In this study, three representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and 15 general circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 were used to assess the behaviour of precipitation (P) and surface air temperature (SAT) over part of the Songhua River Basin. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model linked with SAT and P was used for monthly simulation of streamflow to assess the influence of land use/land cover and climate change on the streamflow. The results suggest that, under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the SAT over the study area may increase in the 21st century by 1.12, 2.44 and 5.82°C, respectively. Moreover, by the middle of the 21st century, streamflow in the basin may have decreased by 19%. The decrease in streamflow may be due to changed land use conditions and water withdrawal, having critical implications for management and future planning of water resources in the basin.
Muhammad Abrar Faiz; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Faisal Baig; Ahmad Niaz; Tianxiao Li. Effects of land use and climate variability on the main stream of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2020, 65, 1752 -1765.
AMA StyleMuhammad Abrar Faiz, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Faisal Baig, Ahmad Niaz, Tianxiao Li. Effects of land use and climate variability on the main stream of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2020; 65 (10):1752-1765.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Abrar Faiz; Dong Liu; Qiang Fu; Faisal Baig; Ahmad Niaz; Tianxiao Li. 2020. "Effects of land use and climate variability on the main stream of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China." Hydrological Sciences Journal 65, no. 10: 1752-1765.
Freeze-thaw cycle promotes the decomposition of soil organic matter in cold regions, causing carbon and nitrogen to be emitted in the forms of CO2, CH4 and N2O, resulting in positive feedback to climate warming. To effectively regulate greenhouse gas emissions, four different regulation modes, namely, biochar addition (BA), straw addition (SA), combined biochar and straw (CBS) and a natural control (BL), were established. The characteristics of soil greenhouse gas emissions under different treatments and their response relationships to soil water, heat, carbon and nitrogen were explored. The results revealed that the SA and CBS treatments effectively inhibited the substantial reduction in soil temperature, moisture content, inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon during the freezing period; among them, the average soil inorganic nitrogen under the SA and CBS treatments increased by 15.36 and 11.62 mg·kg−1 compared to that in the BL treatment, respectively. Simultaneously, both N2O and CO2 emission fluxes were low, and the difference was small under the various treatments. However, the soil showed an absorption trend with respect to CH4, and the BA and CBS treatments promoted this effect; furthermore, the response relationships between CH4 and soil water, heat and carbon were enhanced. During the thawing period, the CBS treatment most effectively promoted the increase in soil water, heat, carbon and nitrogen, while it inhibited the flux of CH4 and N2O in soils, and the average CH4 emission flux under the CBS treatment decreased by 8.25 ~ 30.75 μg∙kg−1 relative to that under the other treatments. Concurrently, the responses of CH4 and N2O emission fluxes to soil water, heat, carbon and nitrogen were weakened under this treatment. Although the CBS treatment increased the CO2 emissions flux during this period, in view of the overall effect of the entire freeze–thaw period, the CBS treatment most effectively reduced the global warming potential (GWP) of the soil. Therefore, it is suggested that the joint application of biochar and straw is the most effective strategy for greenhouse gas budget management and soil nutrient restoration in seasonally frozen areas.
Renjie Hou; Tianxiao Li; Qiang Fu; Dong Liu; Mo Li; Zhaoqiang Zhou; Qinglin Li; Hang Zhao; Pengfei Yu; Jiawen Yan. Effects of biochar and straw on greenhouse gas emission and its response mechanism in seasonally frozen farmland ecosystems. CATENA 2020, 194, 104735 .
AMA StyleRenjie Hou, Tianxiao Li, Qiang Fu, Dong Liu, Mo Li, Zhaoqiang Zhou, Qinglin Li, Hang Zhao, Pengfei Yu, Jiawen Yan. Effects of biochar and straw on greenhouse gas emission and its response mechanism in seasonally frozen farmland ecosystems. CATENA. 2020; 194 ():104735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenjie Hou; Tianxiao Li; Qiang Fu; Dong Liu; Mo Li; Zhaoqiang Zhou; Qinglin Li; Hang Zhao; Pengfei Yu; Jiawen Yan. 2020. "Effects of biochar and straw on greenhouse gas emission and its response mechanism in seasonally frozen farmland ecosystems." CATENA 194, no. : 104735.