The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive characterization of patients diagnosed with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) during the first 16 months of use of the International Classification of Diseases revision 10 (ICD-10) diagnosis code U09.9 in Sweden. We used data from national registers and primary health care databases for all adult inhabitants of the two largest regions in Sweden, comprising 4.1 million inhabitants (approximately 40% of the Swedish population). We present the cumulative incidence and incidence rate of PCC overall and among subgroups and describe patients with COVID-19 with or without PCC regarding sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, subsequent diseases, COVID-19 severity, and virus variants. Of all registered COVID-19 cases available for PCC diagnosis (n = 506,107), 2.0% (n = 10,196) had been diagnosed with PCC using ICD-10 code U09.9 as of February 15, 2022 in the two largest regions in Sweden. The cumulative incidence was higher among women than men (2.3% vs 1.6%, P <0.001). The majority of PCC cases (n = 7162, 70.2%) had not been hospitalized for COVID-19. This group was more commonly female (69.9% vs 52.9%, P <0.001), had a tertiary education (51.0% vs 44.1%, P <0.001), and was older (median age difference 5.7 years, P <0.001) than non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 without PCC. This characterization furthers the understanding of patients diagnosed with PCC and could support policy makers with appropriate societal and health care resource allocation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to present prevalence data for overweight and obesity across school age in a large, recent, population‐based cohort of children in Gothenburg, Sweden.Methods: We included 66,807 children (48.5% girls) aged 5–18.9 years who had their height and weight measured in school health care 2015–2018. The BMI values were categorised according to the age‐dependent cut‐offs for overweight and obesity from the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF).Results: Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity for girls and boys was 18.1% and 18.0%, respectively. We observed increasing proportions of overweight (girls 11.5–17.1% and boys 8.4–17.4%) and obesity (girls 3.0–4.2% and boys 2.7–6.1%) with increasing age (p < 0.001 for trend in both sexes). Moreover, girls had higher prevalence of overweight during ages 5.0 to 8.9 years compared with boys (p < 0.001), while boys had higher prevalence of obesity 15.0–18.9 years compared with girls (p < 0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrate increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity across the entire school age range, as well as differences in prevalences between boys and girls, in a population‐based sample of 67,000 children in Gothenburg city, Sweden. Continuous monitoring of schoolchildren, together with effective preventive measures, is crucial to curb the obesity epidemic and its consequences.

Objective: The aim with the present study was to evaluate the association between pubertal body mass index (BMI) change and adult coronary artery calcification (CAC) score and risk of acute coronary events. Approach and Results: We included 37 672 men from the BMI Epidemiology Study and calculated their pubertal BMI change (BMI at 20 years−BMI at 8 years). Coronary artery computed tomography analysis of CAC score, midlife BMI, and major risk factors for coronary heart disease were available for a sub-cohort through linkage with the SCAPIS (Swedish Cardio Pulmonary Bioimage Study) cohort (n=922). Information on first acute coronary events was retrieved from Swedish national registers (n=37 672, events n=1873). Pubertal BMI change (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.32 [1.14–1.52]), but not childhood BMI, was associated with middle age CAC score ≥1. This association for pubertal BMI change was maintained after adjustment for midlife BMI at CAC analysis and in a model including major cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals who became overweight during puberty (hazard ratio, 2.11 [1.79–2.49]), but not those overweight at 8 years who normalized their weight during puberty, had substantially increased risk of acute coronary events compared with men who were never overweight. Among subjects with an acute coronary event, individuals with pubertal onset overweight were at increased risk of death due to the event. Conclusions: Pubertal BMI change is an independent predictor of CAC score and risk of acute coronary events in adult men. Excessive BMI increase during puberty may initiate the coronary atherosclerotic process, thereby increasing the risk and severity of adult acute coronary events.

Cisplatin kills proliferating cells via DNA damage but also has profound effects on post-mitotic cells in tumors, kidneys, and neurons. However, the effects of cisplatin on post-mitotic cells are still poorly understood. Among model systems, C. elegans adults are unique in having completely post-mitotic somatic tissues. The p38 MAPK pathway controls ROS detoxification via SKN-1/NRF and immune responses via ATF-7/ATF2. Here, we show that p38 MAPK pathway mutants are sensitive to cisplatin, but while cisplatin exposure increases ROS levels, skn-1 mutants are resistant. Cisplatin exposure leads to phosphorylation of PMK-1/MAPK and ATF-7 and the IRE-1/TRF-1 signaling module functions upstream of the p38 MAPK pathway to activate signaling. We identify the response proteins whose increased abundance depends on IRE-1/p38 MAPK activity as well as cisplatin exposure. Four of these proteins are necessary for protection from cisplatin toxicity, which is characterized by necrotic death. We conclude that the p38 MAPK pathway-driven proteins are crucial for adult cisplatin resilience.

Objective To evaluate the association between birth weight and the risk of adult stroke in men, independent of body mass index (BMI) at young adult age. Study design We included 35 659 men born between 1945 and 1961 from the BMI Epidemiology Study with data on birth weight together with BMI in childhood (8 years) and young adulthood (20 years). Information on stroke events (1184 first stroke events; 905 ischemic stroke [IS] events and 234 intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] events) was retrieved from national registers in Sweden. Results Birth weight was inversely associated with the risk of stroke (IS, ICH and uncategorized together; hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 per SD increase, 95% CI, 0.84-0.93), IS, and ICH in a linear manner, independent of young adult BMI. This association was maintained when the analysis was restricted to individuals within the normal birth weight range only. Moreover, individuals with a birth weight in the lowest tertile followed by overweight at 20 years had an 81% greater risk of stroke (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.29; 2.54), compared with a reference group of individuals with birth weight in the middle tertile who were of normal weight at age 20 years. Conclusions We demonstrate an inverse association between birth weight and the risk of adult stroke, IS, and ICH independent of young adult BMI. These findings suggest that low birth weight should be included in assessments of stroke risk in adults.