Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Jurong Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Station (JPSHP), a 3D groundwater flow model was developed in the power station area, which took into account the heterogeneity and anisotropy of fractured rocks. A control inversion method for fractured rock structural planes was proposed, where larger-scale fractures were used as water-conducting media and the relatively intact rock matrix was used as water-storage media. A statistical method was used to obtain the geometric parameter values of the structural planes, so as to obtain the hydraulic conductivity tensor of the fractured rocks. Combining the impermeable drainage systems of the upper storage reservoir, underground powerhouse and lower storage reservoir, the 3D groundwater seepage field in the study area was predicted using the calibrated model. The leakage amounts of the upper storage reservoir, powerhouse and lower storage reservoir were 710.48 m³/d, 969.95 m³/d and 1657.55 m³/d, respectively. The leakage changes of the upper storage reservoir, powerhouse and lower storage reservoir were discussed under the partial and full failure of the anti-seepage system. The research results provide a scientific basis for the seepage control of the power station, and it is recommended to strengthen the seepage control of the upper and lower storage reservoirs and the underground powerhouse to avoid excessive leakage and affect the efficiency of the reservoir operation.

The migration of groundwater flow and contaminants in fractured medium is complicated owing to the strong heterogeneity and anisotropy of fractured rock mass. Taking the environmental restoration and groundwater protection of the Lishui domestic waste landfill in Nanjing as the background, the groundwater environmental impact assessment and prediction are conducted for the groundwater environmental pollution that may be caused by the leakage of the landfill leachate after the closure of the domestic waste landfill. The strata of the landfill site are clay-cobble gravel, strongly and moderately weathered breccia, with obvious anisotropy and significant differences in rock mass permeability. A 3D numerical model of groundwater flow and contaminant migration in the landfill area is established by integrating the hydrogeological field tests and a conceptual model in the study area. Based on the parametric inversion method, the heterogeneous anisotropic permeability coefficient of the fractured medium is calibrated, and the temporal and spatial migration characteristics of contaminants such as ammonia nitrogen and mercury are predicted using the corrected model under the normal and failure conditions of the antiseepage curtain. The calculated results show that when the antiseepage fails, the maximum migration distances of contaminants in the horizontal direction after 100 days in the old and new landfills are 7.66 m and 15.64 m, respectively, and the maximum migration distances after 20 years are 192.5 m and 113.89 m, respectively. The migration direction and distances of contaminants are consistent with the hydrogeological conditions of the study area. The model calculation results provide a corresponding basis for the antiseepage control of contaminants.

Based on the hidden karst exposed in Jurong Pumped Storage Power Station, combined with the field exploration data, the temporal and spatial development characteristics of hidden karst in the power station area are analyzed using the methods of specific solubility and specific corrosion, water chemical composition analysis, borehole television imaging, tracer test, and water pressure test. The results show that the karst development in the study area can be divided into three periods: pre-Cretaceous, Pleistocene, and modern karst. Karst development is controlled by soluble rock, non-soluble rock, and their combination, and the development direction is basically consistent with the fault strike. Karst caves are mainly distributed below the elevation of 100 m, with different shapes and scales and randomness. Non-soluble rocks and impure carbonate rocks are widely distributed in the study area, and surface karst is not developed. The underground karst caves are filled with red clay, and the rate of groundwater circulation is slow. The existence of geological bodies such as rock veins causes the groundwater levels to have obvious double-layer characteristics, which results in weak connectivity between karst caves. Although the karst in the power station area has a certain hydraulic connection with the surface water outside the area, the hydraulic connection of karst in the power station area is generally weak. The research results provide a scientific basis for the anti-seepage measures of underground powerhouses.