The increasing application of virtual surgical planning (VSP) in orthognathic surgery implies a critical need for accurate prediction of facial and skeletal shapes. The craniofacial relationship in patients with dentofacial deformities is still not understood, and transformations between facial and skeletal shapes remain a challenging task due to intricate anatomical structures and nonlinear relationships between the facial soft tissue and bones. In this study, a novel bidirectional 3-dimensional (3D) deep learning framework, named P2P-ConvGC, was developed and validated based on a large-scale data set for accurate subject-specific transformations between facial and skeletal shapes. Specifically, the 2-stage point-sampling strategy was used to generate multiple nonoverlapping point subsets to represent high-resolution facial and skeletal shapes. Facial and skeletal point subsets were separately input into the prediction system to predict the corresponding skeletal and facial point subsets via the skeletal prediction subnetwork and facial prediction subnetwork. For quantitative evaluation, the accuracy was calculated with shape errors and landmark errors between the predicted skeleton or face with corresponding ground truths. The shape error was calculated by comparing the predicted point sets with the ground truths, with P2P-ConvGC outperforming existing state-of-the-art algorithms including P2P-Net, P2P-ASNL, and P2P-Conv. The total landmark errors (Euclidean distances of craniomaxillofacial landmarks) of P2P-ConvGC in the upper skull, mandible, and facial soft tissues were 1.964 ± 0.904 mm, 2.398 ± 1.174 mm, and 2.226 ± 0.774 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the clinical feasibility of the bidirectional model was validated using a clinical cohort. The result demonstrated its prediction ability with average surface deviation errors of 0.895 ± 0.175 mm for facial prediction and 0.906 ± 0.082 mm for skeletal prediction. To conclude, our proposed model achieved good performance on the subject-specific prediction of facial and skeletal shapes and showed clinical application potential in postoperative facial prediction and VSP for orthognathic surgery.

Literature review is an overview of existing research, it can also be used to understand research trends and directions. In recent years, the literature associated with wind power has grown rapidly, and it seems inadequate to rely on human resources to study all papers. Very few studies have used machine learning algorithms and visualization approaches to analyze the trends and directions in wind power. To explore these, we collected 50,579 articles (2012–2019) from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and 785 papers (2012–2019) from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We applied machine learning algorithms including text mining, word segmentation, T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (T-SNE), Auto-Encoder (AE), visual imagery and other methods to analyze and visually display literature in the field of wind power via analysis of the trends with time-sequence, hotspots in abstracts and keywords, and spatial distribution. China, the United States, and Iran are the top three countries in the field of wind power. Through analyzing the trends between 2012–2019, we find that research hotspots have changed. The usage rate of terms such as Power Generation Control, Power Grids, Wind Power Plants, and Wind Turbines has significantly increased, and the corresponding growth rates are 10.91%, 7.06%, 6.28% and 4.33%, respectively. This study also provides information on the relationship of words of abstracts in papers, which shows that these words are mainly divided into four categories: forecasting, optimization, investment, energy and equipment. An implication of this study is that machine learning algorithms may play an important role in the analysis of wind power literature.

Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis is crucial in craniomaxillofacial assessment, with landmarks detection in craniomaxillofacial (CMF) CT scans being a key component. However, creating robust deep learning models for this task typically requires extensive CMF CT datasets annotated by experienced medical professionals, a process that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Conversely, acquiring large volume of unlabeled CMF CT data is relatively straightforward. Thus, semi-supervised learning (SSL), leveraging limited labeled data supplemented by sufficient unlabeled dataset, could be a viable solution to this challenge. We developed an SSL model, named CephaloMatch, based on a strong-weak perturbation consistency framework. The proposed SSL model incorporates a head position rectification technique through coarse detection to enhance consistency between labeled and unlabeled datasets and a multilayers perturbation method which is employed to expand the perturbation space. The proposed SSL model was assessed using 362 CMF CT scans, divided into a training set (60 scans), a validation set (14 scans), and an unlabeled set (288 scans). The proposed SSL model attained a detection error of 1.60 ± 0.87 mm, significantly surpassing the performance of conventional fully supervised learning model (1.94 ± 1.12 mm). Notably, the proposed SSL model achieved equivalent detection accuracy (1.91 ± 1.00 mm) with only half the labeled dataset, compared to the fully supervised learning model. The proposed SSL model demonstrated exceptional performance in landmarks detection using a limited labeled CMF CT dataset, significantly reducing the workload of medical professionals and enhances the accuracy of 3D cephalometric analysis.

This study investigated the perceptions and medical history of third molars (M3s) and assessed the prevalence of visible M3s (V-M3s) among 904 Chinese adul

We used the complex method and the exp(-ϕ(z))-expansion method to find exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional mKdV equation. Through the maple software, we acquire some exact solutions. We have faith in that this method exhibited in this paper can be used to solve some nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics. Finally, we show some simulated pictures plotted by the maple software to illustrate our results.

In view of the lack of objective data support for product evaluation methods in the industry, a triangular verification method was proposed; it considered nursing beds as the study object and combined subjective evaluation with eye movement and electroencephalogram. Because the triangular validation method is based on the numerical value between the indicators and the frequency of ranking, this method is worth investigating for analyzing experimental data more scientifically. This paper focuses on the further analysis of the experimental data, especially the use of interval estimation method. After analysis, we obtain that proposal 2 is the optimal solution. This method is more suitable for product evaluation which will collect large amount of experimental data to obtain more accurate results. For industrial product designers, the evaluation of products by users is very important. In the design stage, how to grasp the user’s evaluation of the product more accurately is a difficult problem. This paper takes nursing bed as the research object and studies the user participation design in order to make the product more acceptable to most people after it is launched.