China began to develop fish passage at hydroelectric dams in the 1960s, but few were implemented until the 2000s, when a federal law was passed in 2002 that required fish passage at new hydroelectric dams that block fish migrations. Because of this regulation, in the past 10 years, about 40 fish passage facilities have been or are being built. Even though fish scientists and hydraulic engineers are enthusiastic to develop fish passage, progress is limited mainly because of (1) the lack of an accepted and enforced process to plan, design, and evaluate fish passage; (2) the lack of knowledge on migratory fish life history movement, behavior, and swimming ability; and (3) the failure of fish biologists and engineers to work together as a fish passage team. Future development should focus on the following: educating agency staff, fish biologists, and the public on the importance of river connectivity and migratory fish conservation using fishways; improving regulations; and setting national standards that require scientific evaluation of all fishways. We also suggest consideration of the following: a reward system, basic fish biological research, national fish passage research and development centers, and collaboration by Chinese engineers and biologists with foreign fish passage expertise. China comenzó a desarrollar pasadizos para peces en presas hidroeléctricas en la década de 1960, pero pocas fueron implementadas hasta la década del 2000, cuando una ley federal se aprobó en 2002 en la que se establece como requisito construir pasadizos para peces en aquellas hidroeléctricas que interrumpieran la migración de estos. En virtud de esta regulación, en los últimos 10 años, cerca de 40 pasadizos se han construido o se están construyendo. A pesar de que ictiólogos e ingenieros hidráulicos son entusiastas de los pasadizos para peces, el progreso está limitado por 1) la falta de un proceso que permita planear, diseñar y evaluar los pasadizos para peces; 2) la falta de conocimiento de la historia de vida de los peces migratorios, movimientos, conducta y habilidad de natación; y 3) la ineficiencia con la que biólogos de peces e ingenieros colaboran como equipo para establecer pasadizos. Los retos a futuro debieran enfocarse en lo siguiente: educar al personal de las agencias de gobierno, ictiólogos y público en general acerca de la importancia de la conectividad en los ríos y la conservación de peces migratorios mediante pasadizos, mejorar las regulaciones existentes y crear estándares nacionales que requieran de la evaluación científica de todos los pasadizos. También se sugiere considerar lo siguiente: un sistema de recompensas, investigación de la biología básica de los peces, establecimientos de centro nacionales y de desarrollo de investigación sobre pasadizos para peces, y la colaboración de ingenieros y biólogos de China con expertos foráneos en pasadizos para peces.

Global warming is affecting animal populations worldwide, through chronic temperature increases and an increase in the frequency of extreme heatwave events. Reservoirs are essential for water security. All watersheds with reservoirs are impacted by their construction. These artificial ecosystems controlled by humans change considerably the natural terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem and systems and their biodiversity. The rapid increase in population growth, urbanization, and industrialization are accompanied by an increase in river discharges, which increases the total amount of pollutants. HMs contamination in aquatic environments, as well as the subsequent absorption of HMs into the food chain by aquatic creatures and people, endangers public health. Multiple uses of reservoirs promote benefits in terms of economic development, income, and employment. HMs in water can be ingested directly by aquatic species like fish and can also be ingested indirectly through the food chain; thus, it is much more important and required to conduct frequent monitoring of the aquatic environment. As a result, this review summarizes knowledge about the effects of cascade dams on river water temperature and increases on the stress physiology of fishes, and adaptation to climate change is also needed to produce more fish without global warming.

Freshwater is unquestionably the most crucial resource essential for the sustenance and advancement of humankind. This invaluable entity surpasses all societal, economic, and environmental domains, consequently rendering it a ubiquitous good. Globally, it has been estimated that the industrial sector employs approximately 20% of the available freshwater. The principal aim within the industrial domain is to maximize production efficiency, rather than prioritizing the enhancement of water conservation and efficiency. Research suggests that a favorable association exists between the monetary investments made in technological improvements for industrial water treatment and reuse and a profitable return on investment that is sustained over a prolonged duration. This could plausibly explain the dearth of willingness exhibited by some corporations in dedicating resources to this vital issue. The objective of this study is to explicate the notion of sustainability concerning water management that can be operationalized in the context of Pakistan, while delving into the latest advancements in the sphere of sustainable management practices. This research endeavor shall serve as an instructive source for executives, entrepreneurs, and vested parties in various industrial domains to propel their endeavors toward sustainable practices while simultaneously achieving optimization and surpassing the benchmarks set by national regulations and international establishments. This investigation has illuminated the imperative of executing an all-encompassing water management strategy that incorporates the ecological, financial, and societal dimensions as the essential constituents of viability in industrial water utilization. This work ought to possess a worldwide scope, bearing in mind the ubiquitous character of industrial practices in the epoch of globalization.

Optimization of light-based fish passage facilities has attracted extensive attention, but studies under the influence of various environmental factors are scarce. We established a novel experimental method to measure the phototactic behavior of Schizothorax waltoni. The results showed that S. waltoni preferred the four light colors in the order green, blue, red, and yellow. The increased flow velocity intensified the positive and negative phototaxis of fish under different light environments, while an increase in the water temperature aroused the escape behavior. The escape behavior of fish in red and yellow light and the phototaxis behavior in green and blue light intensified as the light intensity exceeded the phototaxis threshold and continued to increase. Thus, red or yellow light greater than the phototaxis threshold can be used to move fish away from high-turbulent flows or polluted waters, while green or blue light can be used to guide them to fish passage entrance or ideal habitats. This study provides scientific evidence and application value for restoring fish habitats, fish passages, and fisheries.