Phosphorus is an important primary nutrient required by plants in large quantities. The various forms of P that plants can take up are the primary monobasic phosphate ion (H₂PO₄^-), secondary dibasic phosphate ion (HPO₄^2-) and phosphate ion (PO₄^3-). In tropical soils, phosphorus adsorption is a major process that controls its availability to crops. Soils with low phosphorus adsorption capacity are often unable to supply adequate phosphorus to the growing crops thereby affecting their yields. This paper reviews the phosphorus adsorption phenomenon in a tropical soil. The review showed that Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm are the mostly used isotherms models for describing phosphorus adsorption. From the review, soil acidity and alkalinity, soil temperature and the electrical potential of clay surface are the main factors influencing phosphorus adsorption. Also, precipitation was discovered to be the main mechanism of P adsorption in tropical soils. Fertilization practices such as the addition of organic manure, crop residues, rock phosphate, water-soluble P fertilizers and incorporation of phosphorus solubilizing organism are highly recommended to increase P solubility and availability in highly weathered soil.

Globally, efforts are being made to identify land use types that could potentially improve carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change and global warming and ensure sustainable agriculture. The study was conducted at the University of Cape Coast Teaching and Research Farm to evaluate the influence of different land use types on the distribution of SOC at different soil depths. A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect a total of 180 soil samples at 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm depths from arable, fallow, pasture and plantation fields, covering about 24.52 ha. The physico-chemical properties of the soil samples were determined using standard laboratory methods and the data generated was analysed using Minitab 19. The results showed that land use systems significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the distribution of the physico-chemical properties of the soil. The SOC content under the different land use types was in the order; of plantation (2.57%) > arable (1.99%) > pasture (1.55%) > fallow (1.14%). The plantation field significantly (p ≤ 0.05) had higher SOC compared to the other land use types and that could be adopted as a better carbon store that can help in mitigating climate change. The mean values of SOC content and most of the other physico-chemical properties determined were generally concentrated in the topsoil (0-15 cm depth) but decreased with depth, so managing these fields properly can equally improve the availability of these nutrients towards sustainable agriculture.

Rapid and onsite determination of the soil status and quality parameters holds a brighter potential for improving food security, and minimizing waste of the excessive application of soil amendments hence reducing environmental pollution. In this study, a pocket‐sized shortwave NIR spectroscopy (740–1070 nm) and multivariate statistics were used to classify soil from different land‐use types and simultaneously predict nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and pH in Ghana. Different Algorithms. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and partial least squares algorithms (full‐range partial least square, FrPLS; interval partial least squares, IPLS; synergy interval partial least squares, Si‐PLS) were attempted for building a suitable classification and quantification model. The models were assessed by the classification rate, coefficient of determination (R_p²), and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) in the prediction set. A total of 110 soil samples from 0 to 15 cm, 15 to 30 cm, and 30 to 45 cm layers were collected from the field of different land‐use cropping systems. The results obtained showed that SVM had a 98.61% classification rate of the soil from the cropping system. While Si‐PLS was superior in predicting N, P, K, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and pH. The performance of the Si‐PLS model for N, P, K, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and pH were 0.571, 0.779, 0.910, 0.778, 0.826, and 0.904 for R_p² and 0.033%, 0.738 mg·kg⁻¹, 0.117 cmol·kg⁻¹, 0.654 cmol·kg⁻¹, 3.0219 cmol·kg⁻¹, and 0.4760 pH unit for RMSEP, respectively. The results revealed that the portable NIR spectroscopic technique could be used to measure the soil status and some quality parameters. However, further studies are needed to proof its application. This could lead to improving the yield and saving the cost of fertilizer application.

Land governance is a linchpin for sustainable socioeconomic development and the protection of property rights in Ghana. Efficient land resource management is essential for fostering equitable access to land and ensuring the well-being of citizens. This study aims to explore the multifaceted landscape of land governance in Ghana and inform the development of an efficient Land Information System (LIS). Drawing from international perspectives and the legal framework of Ghana, this research unveils the complexities, challenges, and opportunities inherent in the land governance system of the country. The study delves into thirteen (13) key areas requiring attention and improvement, spanning legal frameworks, land surveying, digital technology adoption, decentralization, transparency, capacity building, public awareness, data security, collaboration, customary land systems, conflict resolution, regular updates, and financial sustainability. By dissecting these components, the research highlights the intricate interplay between effective land governance and the role of an efficient LIS. The study provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, government agencies, and stakeholders, with the intent to enhance land governance practices and build effective LIS in Ghana. This study also contributes to the realization of a more transparent, accessible, and equitable land management system that aligns with the development aspirations of the nation. This study also serves as a roadmap for fostering sustainable growth, bolstering land tenure security, and driving positive institutional change in the land governance landscape of Ghana.

Greenhouse technology has been recognised for its potential in promoting food security, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, efficient water resources management, and improved environmental sustainability globally. Despite the numerous benefits it offers, farmers have still not fully embraced its usage. Little information also exists regarding how adopting the technology can help promote tomato productivity in the midst of climate change and land scarcity. This has not only resulted in vast land degradation but also a persistent importation of tomatoes at exorbitant cost. This study aims to investigate how greenhouse technology can be utilised to promote tomato productivity and eradicate poverty within limited land resources. The experiment was conducted using a randomised complete block design with 45 tomato seedlings planted in each environment and the parameters measured were tomato growth, yield, and value-cost ratio. The results showed that greenhouse technology significantly increased yield of tomatoes, with higher marginal returns than the open field. This indicates that should GT be adopted, limited amount of land could be needed to produce to keep pace with local demand, halt poverty, hunger, and tomato importations. The study concludes that adopting GT has potentials in increasing tomato productivity with limited land size. The technology is an opportunity to help achieve the overarching goal of ending poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. Future study is needed on farmers’ adoption ability, sustainability and financial viability of the technology by using revenue and cost streams covering the entire economic life of the greenhouse production system in the transitional zone of Ghana.