A new approach for the botanical origin determination of monofloral bee honey is developed. The methodology combines mineral content and physicochemical parameters determination with intelligent statistics such as self-organizing maps (SOMs). A total of 62 monofloral bee honey samples were analysed, including 31 linden, 14 rapeseed, 13 sunflower, and 4 acacia. All of them were harvested in 2018 and 2019 from trusted beekeepers, after confirming their botanical origin, using melissopalynological analysis. Nine physicochemical parameters were determined, including colour, water content, pH, electrical conductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, diastase activity, specific optical rotation, invertase activity, and proline. The content of thirty chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, Te, V, and Zn) was measured using ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and FAAS as instrumental techniques. The visualisation of the SOMs shows an excellent separation of honey samples in five well-defined clusters—linden, rapeseed, acacia, sunflower, and polyfloral honey—using the following set of 16 descriptors: diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, invertase activity, pH, specific optical rotation, water content, Al, B, Cr, Cs, K, Na, Ni, Rb, V, and Zn.

Bulgarian wines are renowned worldwide and serve as a symbol of the country. However, ensuring wine authenticity and establishing reliable methods for its assessment are critical challenges in wine quality control. This study investigates the migration of chemical elements within the soil/grape/wine system and utilizes the findings to develop a method for identifying specific elements capable of distinguishing the geographical origin of wine. Additionally, it explores the potential to determine its botanical origin. Thirty monovarietal Bulgarian wines, specifically produced for this study with precisely known geographical and botanical origins, were analyzed for 20 chemical elements. These included macroelements such as Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, and Zn, as well as microelements like As, Cd, Co, Cr, Li, Ni, and Pb. The study encompassed white wines from Chardonnay, Muscat Ottonel, Sauvignon Blanc, Tamyanka, and Viognier varieties, as well as red wines from Egiodola, Broad-Leaved Melnik, Cabernet, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Marselan, Melnik, Merlot, Pinot Noir, and Syrah. The chemical composition was determined in soil extracts (using acetate and EDTA extract to represent the bioavailable fraction), vine leaves, primary musts, and raw wines before clarification and stabilization. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were calculated for the soil/leaves, soil/must, and must/wine systems, enabling an analysis of the migration of chemical elements from soil to wine and the concentration changes throughout the process. The results identified elemental descriptors capable of indicating the geographical origin of wine.

Lipophilicity is related to physicochemical, metabolic, and toxicity properties of the drugs. The present study reports a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method, RP-HPLC (stationary phase: LiChrosorb RP-18; mobile phase: acetonitrile-water or methanol-water) in isocratic elution mode for determination of the lipophilic behavior of thirty-one newly synthesized combretastatin CA-4 derivatives. Lipophilicity was estimated through log P using the chromatographic descriptor log k_w. The quadratic and linear relationships were established between the logarithm of the capacity factor for each compound and the concentration of organic modifier in the mobile phase (φ). These two regression models were evaluated using Mandel’s test. The relationship between the chemical structure of newly stilbene derivatives and log P was described. The correlations between the chromatographic lipophilicity and in vitro cytotoxic activity against three different cell lines were examined.

The octanol-water partition coefficient, log P _o/w , serves as the standard parameter for hydrophobicity, a property that is correlated with transmembrane distribution, biological activity, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of bioactive compounds. In our investigation, the lipophilic characteristics of thirty-one novel combretastatin A-4 derivatives were evaluated using five chromatographic systems across three reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography stationary phases. The derived retention factors, log k _w , were subsequently correlated with computationally predicted lipophilicity values, clog P. This comparative analysis assessed the congruence between the experimental and theoretical datasets for the analyzed compounds. The relationship between the chemical structure of examined derivatives and their lipophilic characteristics were described. Linear pattern recognition techniques were applied for chemometric analysis.