This paper reports on the manufacture of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Prosopis juliflora leaf extracts. Various methods of characterization were used, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope TEM. ZnO NPs has a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred orientation of 101 planes, according to XRD. The functional groups found in ZnO NPs isolated from leaves are responsible for the FT-IR peaks that correspond to them. The morphology of the produced nanoparticles is a sphere-like form, as shown in the SEM pictures. TEM examination revealed ZnO NPs with a size of 50–55 nm. These ZnO NPs were used to remediate pollutants in paper mill effluents, and they were able to remove 86% of the organic pollutants from the sample at 0.05 mg/L dose and reduce 89% of the organic pollutants during a 5-h reflex time. Meanwhile, for the photocatalysis of paper mill effluents, it has been noted that COD was removed by 74.30%, 63.23%, and 57.96% for the first, second, and third cycles, respectively.

Ceramic materials have been used in various human health-related applications for considerable time. One of the important applications of ceramic materials is in electronics. Our work focuses on calcium titanate (CaTiO₃). CaTiO₃ is typically created via sintering. Gypsum particles is used to form calcium hydroxide, which is then combined with titanium dioxide to form rutile crystals. Thereafter, calcination is performed at 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C for 2h. X-ray diffraction is employed to track the evolution of the CaTiO₃ phase. Scanning electron microscopy is used to characterize the morphologies of the different preparation steps. As the calcination temperature increases from 900°C to 1000°C, the crystallite size of CaTiO₃ increases from 35nm to 45nm. Furthermore, the energy gaps of the CaTiO₃ powders obtained after calcination at 900°C and 1000°C are 5.32eV and 5.43eV, respectively, and their particle sizes are 150200nm and 200300nm, respectively.

The dielectric characteristics of six culinary oils were measured over the frequency range of 0.01Hz100kHz. The results showed that the dielectric constants of oils had the same frequency relationship (i.e., they decreased with increasing frequency). The dielectric constants at lower frequencies for olive oil A, olive oil B, sesame oil, Nigella sativa, sunflower oil, and corn oil are approximately 2.75, 2.5, 2.0, 1.75, 1.5, and 0.9. An FT-IR analysis showed that the spectral differences were very small, because most vegetable oils contain the same type of fatty acids. The model built using COMSOL Multiphysics for the potential and electric field distributions for different oils and used to calculate the dielectric constant was simulated under various conditions in the AC/DC module. The model results were compared with the experimental results, which showed satisfactory convergence between them. The experimental and model results obtained in this study could be useful for evaluating the edible oil quality.

Continuous Yb:YAG laser keyhole welding of the pure copper plate to steel 316L sheet is performed for different laser parameters. The laser‐generated welding keyhole and weld melted zone are observed by a high‐speed camera. The image is treated by MATLAB and simple code is built to calculate the keyhole and melted zone area. This treatment is validated by the actual welding measurements, and the accuracy of the measurements is tested by the confidence interval law. The images obtained of keyhole and melt zone area in dissimilar laser welding are treated and analyzed to study the effect of changing the laser parameters.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF) are employed to investigate the microstructure of bulk C u I n S e 2 specimens grown through the Bridgman technique and traveling heater process, respectively. We investigate the lattice parameters, grain sizes, and microstrains of the two grown samples. For a crystal grown by the vertical Bridgeman method, the vacancy V C u serves as an acceptor, resulting in p-type conduction, whereas the vacancy V S e expected to serve as a donor, occurring in n-type conduction for the crystal grown via the traveling heater technique. The concentration of crystal grown via the VBM is determined to be p-type, whereas the concentration of that grown via the THM is n-type. Concerning C u I n S e 2 crystal, the determined crystallite sizes obtained to be 165 and 182 nm for the VBM and THM, respectively.