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Ali Fares
College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA

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Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Sustainability
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The knowledge about nutrient dynamics in the soil is pivotal for sustainable agriculture. A comprehensive research trial can retort unanswered questions. Dynamics of nutrients sourced from organic amendment types (chicken manure, dairy manure, and MilorganiteTM) applied at different rates (0, 168, 336, 672 kg total N/ha) were monitored within and below the rootzone of collard greens cultivated on a sandy loam soil in Prairie View, TX, USA. Macro- and micronutrients (e.g., TN: total nitrogen, P: phosphorous, K: potassium, Na: sodium, Ca: calcium, Mg: magnesium, B: boron, Cu: copper, Fe: iron, and Zn: zinc) were analyzed from soil solution samples collected during six sampling periods from within and below the rootzone. As hypothesized, the organic amendment types and rates significantly (p< 0.05 and/or 0.01) affected nutrient dynamics within and below the crop rootzone. Chicken manure released significantly more TN, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, and Fe than the other two amendments. The application of chicken manure and MilorganiteTM resulted in higher below-the-rootzone leachate concentration of TN, Na, Mg, and Ca than in the leachates of dairy manure. Dairy manure treatments had the lowest concentrations of TN, Ca, and Mg; whereas, MilorganiteTM had the lowest concentrations of P, K, Na, B, and Cu in the collected leachates. The higher level of P (i.e., 4% in MilorganiteTM as compared to 2 and 0.5% in chicken and dairy manures, respectively, might have reduced the formation of Vesicular-Arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae—a fungus with the ability to dissolve the soil P, resulting in slow release of P from MilorganiteTM treatment than from the other two treatments. Patterns of nutrient dynamics varied with rain and irrigation events under the effects of the soil water and time lapse of the amendment applications’ rates and types. All the macronutrients were present within the rootzone and leached below the rootzone, except Na. The dynamic of nutrients was element-specific and was influenced by the amendments’ type and application rate.

ACS Style

Ripendra Awal; Almoutaz Hassan; Farhat Abbas; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Selamawit Woldesenbet. Patterns of Nutrient Dynamics within and below the Rootzone of Collard Greens Grown under Different Organic Amendment Types and Rates. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6857 .

AMA Style

Ripendra Awal, Almoutaz Hassan, Farhat Abbas, Ali Fares, Haimanote Bayabil, Ram Ray, Selamawit Woldesenbet. Patterns of Nutrient Dynamics within and below the Rootzone of Collard Greens Grown under Different Organic Amendment Types and Rates. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6857.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ripendra Awal; Almoutaz Hassan; Farhat Abbas; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Selamawit Woldesenbet. 2021. "Patterns of Nutrient Dynamics within and below the Rootzone of Collard Greens Grown under Different Organic Amendment Types and Rates." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6857.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Pakistan is facing severe water shortages, so using the available water efficiently is essential for maximizing crop production. This can be achieved through efficient irrigation practices. Field studies were carried out to determine the dynamics of soil water and the efficiency of water utilization for maize grown under five irrigation techniques (flood-irrigated flatbed, furrow-irrigated ridge, furrow-irrigated raised bed, furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch, and sprinkler-irrigated flatbed). Spring and summer maize was grown for two years. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) was used to estimate the irrigation requirements, evapotranspiration, and other water balance components for this study’s different experimental treatments based on site-specific crop, soil, and weather parameters. The results showed that the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment produced the highest evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass yield compared to other treatments. However, this treatment did not produce the highest grain yield and had the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) compared to the furrow-irrigated raised-bed treatment. The furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch (FIRBM) treatment improved grain yield, WUE, WUEi , and harvest index compared to the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment. The results showed a strong correlation between measured and estimated net irrigation requirements and evapotranspiration, with high r 2 values (0.93, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.98) for the spring- and summer-sown maize. It was concluded that the FIRBM treatments improved the grain yield, WUE, and WUEi, which ultimately enhanced sustainable crop production. The growing of summer-sown maize in Pakistan has the potential for sustainable maize production under the semiarid and arid climate.

ACS Style

Abdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2757 .

AMA Style

Abdul Khan, Muhammad Imran, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan, Ali Fares, Jiří Šimůnek, Tanveer Ul-Haq, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni, Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2757.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Atmosphere
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The objective of this investigation is to study the impacts of the global response to COVID-19 on air pollution and air quality changes in major cities across the globe over the past few months. Air quality data (NO2, CO, PM2.5, and O3) were downloaded from the World Air Quality Index project for the January 2019–April 2020 period. Results show a significant reduction in the levels of 2020 NO2, CO, and PM2.5 compared to their levels in 2019. These reductions were as high as 63% (Wuhan, China), 61% (Lima, Peru), and 61% (Berlin, Germany), in NO2, CO, and PM2.5 levels, respectively. In contrast, 2020 O3 levels increased substantially, as high as 86% (Milan, Italy), in an apparent response to the decrease in titration by nitrogen monoxide and its derivatives. Significant differences in the weather conditions across the globe do not seem to impact this air quality improvement trend. Will this trend in the reduction in most air pollutants to unprecedented levels continue in the next few weeks or even months? The response to this and other questions will depend on the future global economic and environmental policies.

ACS Style

Hamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Masoud Ghahremannejad. COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1279 .

AMA Style

Hamideh Habibi, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, Masoud Ghahremannejad. COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (12):1279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Masoud Ghahremannejad. 2020. "COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic." Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1279.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2019 in Agronomy
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Spatial variability of soil physical and hydrological properties within or among agricultural fields could be intrinsically induced due to geologic and pedologic soil forming factors, but some of the variability may be induced by anthropogenic activities such as tillage practices. No-tillage has been gaining ground as a successful conservation practice, and quantifying spatial variability of soil physical properties induced by no-tillage practices is a prerequisite for making appropriate site-specific agricultural management decisions and/or reformulating some management practices. In particular, there remains very limited information on the spatial variability of soil physical properties under long-term no-tillage corn and tropical soil conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the spatial variability of some selected soil physical properties (soil surface temperature (ST), volumetric water content (θv), soil resistance (TIP), total porosity (θt), bulk density (ρb), organic carbon, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)) using classical and geostatistical methods. The study site was a 2 ha field cropped no-tillage sweet corn for nearly 10 years on Oahu, Hawaii. The field was divided into 10 × 10 and 20 × 20 m grids. Soil samples were collected at each grid for measuring ρb, θt, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the laboratory following standard methods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, TIP at 10 and 20 cm depths, soil surface temperature, and θv were also measured. Porosity and ρb have low and low to moderate variability, respectively based on the relative ranking of the magnitude of variability drawn from the coefficient of variation. Variability of the SOC, TIP, and Ksat ranges from moderate to high. Based on the best-fitted semivariogram model for finer grid data, 9.8 m and 142.2 m are the cut off beyond which the measured parameter does not show any spatial correlation for SOC, and TIP at 10 cm depth, respectively. Bulk density shows the highest spatial dependence (range = 226.8 m) among all measured properties. Spatial distribution of the soil properties based on kriging shows a high level of variability even though the sampled field is relatively small.

ACS Style

Ripendra Awal; Mohammad Safeeq; Farhat Abbas; Samira Fares; Sanjit K. Deb; Amjad Ahmad; Ali Fares. Soil Physical Properties Spatial Variability under Long-Term No-Tillage Corn. Agronomy 2019, 9, 750 .

AMA Style

Ripendra Awal, Mohammad Safeeq, Farhat Abbas, Samira Fares, Sanjit K. Deb, Amjad Ahmad, Ali Fares. Soil Physical Properties Spatial Variability under Long-Term No-Tillage Corn. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (11):750.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ripendra Awal; Mohammad Safeeq; Farhat Abbas; Samira Fares; Sanjit K. Deb; Amjad Ahmad; Ali Fares. 2019. "Soil Physical Properties Spatial Variability under Long-Term No-Tillage Corn." Agronomy 9, no. 11: 750.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Climate change and variability, soil types and soil characteristics, animal and microbial communities, and photosynthetic plants are the major components of the ecosystem that affect carbon sequestration potential of any location. This study used NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level 4 carbon products, gross primary productivity (GPP), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to quantify their spatial and temporal variabilities for selected terrestrial ecosystems across Texas during the 2015–2018 study period. These SMAP carbon products are available at 9 km spatial resolution on a daily basis. The ten selected SMAP grids are located in seven climate zones and dominated by five major land uses (developed, crop, forest, pasture, and shrub). Results showed CO2 emissions and uptake were affected by land-use and climatic conditions across Texas. It was also observed that climatic conditions had more impact on CO2 emissions and uptake than land-use in this state. On average, South Central Plains and East Central Texas Plains ecoregions of East Texas and Western Gulf Coastal Plain ecoregion of Upper Coast climate zones showed higher GPP flux and potential carbon emissions and uptake than other climate zones across the state, whereas shrubland on the Trans Pecos climate zone showed lower GPP flux and carbon emissions/uptake. Comparison of GPP and NEE distribution maps between 2015 and 2018 confirmed substantial changes in carbon emissions and uptake across Texas. These results suggest that SMAP carbon products can be used to study the terrestrial carbon cycle at regional to global scales. Overall, this study helps to understand the impacts of climate, land-use, and ecosystem dynamics on the terrestrial carbon cycle.

ACS Style

Ram L. Ray; Ademola Ibironke; Raghava Kommalapati; Ali Fares. Quantifying the Impacts of Land-Use and Climate on Carbon Fluxes Using Satellite Data across Texas, U.S. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1733 .

AMA Style

Ram L. Ray, Ademola Ibironke, Raghava Kommalapati, Ali Fares. Quantifying the Impacts of Land-Use and Climate on Carbon Fluxes Using Satellite Data across Texas, U.S. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (14):1733.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram L. Ray; Ademola Ibironke; Raghava Kommalapati; Ali Fares. 2019. "Quantifying the Impacts of Land-Use and Climate on Carbon Fluxes Using Satellite Data across Texas, U.S." Remote Sensing 11, no. 14: 1733.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Harris County is one of the most populated counties in the United States. About 30% of domestic water use in the U.S. is for outdoor activities, especially landscape irrigation and gardening. Optimum landscape and garden irrigation contributes to substantial water and energy savings and a substantial reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, the objectives of this work are to (i) calculate site-specific turf grass irrigation water requirements across Harris County and (ii) calculate CO2 emission reductions and water and energy savings across the county if optimum turf grass irrigation is adopted. The Irrigation Management System was used with site-specific soil hydrological data, turf crop water uptake parameters (root distribution and crop coefficient), and long-term daily rainfall and reference evapotranspiration to calculate irrigation water demand across Harris County. The Irrigation Management System outputs include irrigation requirements, runoff, and drainage below the root system. Savings in turf irrigation requirements and energy and their corresponding reduction in CO2 emission were calculated. Irrigation water requirements decreased moving across the county from its north-west to its south-east corners. However, the opposite happened for the runoff and excess drainage below the rootzone. The main reason for this variability is the combined effect of rainfall, reference evapotranspiration, and soil types. Based on the result, if the average annual irrigation water use across the county is 25 mm higher than the optimum level, this will result in 10.45 million m3 of water losses (equivalent water use for 30,561 single families), 4413 MWh excess energy use, and the emission of 2599 metric tons of CO2.

ACS Style

Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Hamideh Habibi. Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1440 .

AMA Style

Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, Hamideh Habibi. Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Hamideh Habibi. 2019. "Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1440.

Research article
Published: 04 January 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Small-scale vegetable and fruit crop producers in the USA use locally available commercial organic fertilizers and soil amendments recycled from municipal and agricultural wastes. Organic soil amendments provide crops with their nutrient needs and maintain soil health by modifying its physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, organic soil amendments might add unwanted elements such as toxic heavy metals or salts, which might inhibit crop growth and reduce yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity of three commercial organic amendments, chicken manure, milorganite, and dairy manure, to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay and chemical analysis of the organic amendments. The seed germination bioassay was conducted by incubating collard greens seeds to germinate in 1:10 (w/v) organic amendment aqueous extracts. Results of this work identified phytotoxic effects of chicken manure and milorganite, but not dairy manure, to collard greens. Potentially phytotoxic chemicals such as copper, zinc, nickel, and salts were also higher in chicken manure and milorganite compared to dairy manure. In particular, nickel in chicken manure and milorganite aqueous extracts was 28-fold and 21-fold, respectively, higher than previously reported toxic levels to wheat seedlings. The results demonstrate the need for more research on phytotoxicity of commercial organic soil amendments to ensure their safe use in vegetable and fruit crop production systems.

ACS Style

Tesfamichael H. Kebrom; Selamawit Woldesenbet; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Monique Garcia; Ming Gao; Peter Ampim; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 5454 -5462.

AMA Style

Tesfamichael H. Kebrom, Selamawit Woldesenbet, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Monique Garcia, Ming Gao, Peter Ampim, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares. Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (6):5454-5462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tesfamichael H. Kebrom; Selamawit Woldesenbet; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Monique Garcia; Ming Gao; Peter Ampim; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. 2019. "Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 6: 5454-5462.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2018 in Water
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In order for the agricultural sector to be sustainable, farming practices and management strategies need to be informed by site-specific information regarding potential climate change impacts on irrigation requirements and water budget components of different crops. Such information would allow managers and producers to select cropping systems that ensure efficient use of water resources and crop productivity. The major challenge in understanding the link between cropping systems and climate change is the uncertainty of how the climate would change in the future and lack of understanding how different crops would respond to those changes. This study analyzed the potential impact of climate change on irrigation requirements of four major crops (cotton, corn, sorghum, and winter wheat) in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. The irrigation requirement of crops was calculated for the baseline period (1980–2010) and three projected periods: 2020s (2011–2030), 2055s (2046–2065), and 2090s (2080–2099). Daily climate predictions from 15 general circulation models (GCMs) under three greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios (B1, A1B, and A2) were generated for three future periods using the Long Ashton Research Station–Weather Generator (LARS-WG) statistical downscaling model. Grid-based (55 grids at ~38 km resolution) irrigation water requirements (IRRs) and other water budget components of each crop were calculated using the Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model. Future period projection results show that evapotranspiration (ET) and IRR will increase for all crops, while precipitation is projected to decrease compared with the baseline period. On average, precipitation meets only 25–32% of the ET demand, depending on crop type. In general, projections from almost all GCMs show an increase in IRR for all crops for the three future periods under the three GHG emission scenarios. Irrigation requirement prediction uncertainty between GCMs was consistently greater in July and August for corn, cotton, and sorghum regardless of period and emission scenario. However, for winter wheat, greater uncertainties between GCMs were observed during April and May. Irrigation requirements show significant variations across spatial locations. There was no consistent spatial trend in changes of IRR for the four crops. A unit change in precipitation is projected to affect IRR differently depending on the crop type.

ACS Style

Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil. Assessing Potential Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Major Crops in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water 2018, 10, 1610 .

AMA Style

Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, Haimanote Bayabil. Assessing Potential Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Major Crops in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water. 2018; 10 (11):1610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil. 2018. "Assessing Potential Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Major Crops in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas." Water 10, no. 11: 1610.

Preprint content
Published: 04 April 2018
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Most climate change impacts are linked to terrestrial vegetation productivity, carbon stocks and land use change. Changes in land use and climate drive the dynamics of terrestrial carbon cycle. These carbon cycle dynamics operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Quantification of the spatial and temporal variability of carbon flux has been challenging because land-atmosphere-carbon exchange is influenced by many factors, including but not limited to, land use change and climate change and variability. The study of terrestrial carbon cycle, mainly gross primary product (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), soil organic carbon (SOC) and ecosystem respiration (Re) and their interactions with land use and climate change, are critical to understanding the terrestrial ecosystem. The main objective of this study was to examine the interactions among land use, climate change and terrestrial carbon cycling in the state of Texas using satellite measurements. We studied GPP, NEE, Re and SOC distributions for five selected major land covers and all ten climate zones in Texas using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) carbon products. SMAP Carbon products (Res=9 km) were compared with observed CO2 flux data measured at EC flux site on Prairie View A&M University Research Farm. Results showed the same land cover in different climate zones has significantly different carbon sequestration potentials. For example, cropland of the humid climate zone has higher (-228 g C/m2) carbon sequestration potentials than the semiarid climate zone (-36 g C/m2). Also, shrub land in the humid zone and in the semiarid zone showed high (-120 g C/m2) and low (-36 g C/m2) potentials of carbon sequestration, respectively, in the state. Overall, the analyses indicate CO2 storage and exchange respond differently to various land covers, and environments due to differences in water availability, root distribution and soil properties.

ACS Style

Ram Ray; Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Eric Risch; Yiping He. Exploring the Interactions between Land Use, Climate Change and Carbon Cycle using Satellite Measurements. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Ram Ray, Ali Fares, Ripendra Awal, Eric Risch, Yiping He. Exploring the Interactions between Land Use, Climate Change and Carbon Cycle using Satellite Measurements. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram Ray; Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Eric Risch; Yiping He. 2018. "Exploring the Interactions between Land Use, Climate Change and Carbon Cycle using Satellite Measurements." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2017 in Journal of Water and Climate Change
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Understanding how potential climate change will affect availability of water resources for citrus production globally is needed. The main goal of this study is to investigate impacts of potential future climate change on citrus irrigation requirements (IRR) in major global citrus producing regions, e.g., Africa, Asia, Australia, Mediterranean, Americas. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model was used to calculate optimum IRR for the baseline period (1986–2005) and two future periods (2055s and 2090s) subject to combination of five and seven temperature and precipitation levels, respectively. Predicted IRR show significant spatio-temporal variations across study regions. Future annual IRR are predicted to globally decrease; however, future monthly IRR showed mixed results. Future evapotranspiration and IRR are projected to decrease by up to 12 and 37%, respectively, in response to increases in CO2 concentration. Future citrus canopy interception and drainage below citrus rootzones are expected to slightly increase. Annual rainfall changes are negatively correlated with changes in IRR. These projections should help the citrus industry better understand potential climate change impacts on citrus IRR and major components of the water budget. Further studies are needed to investigate how these potential changes in CO2 concentration, temperature, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and IRR will affect citrus yield and its economic impact on the citrus industry.

ACS Style

Ali Fares; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Mongi Zekri; Dirceu Mattos Jr.; Ripendra Awal. Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world. Journal of Water and Climate Change 2017, 8, 576 -592.

AMA Style

Ali Fares, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Mongi Zekri, Dirceu Mattos Jr., Ripendra Awal. Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world. Journal of Water and Climate Change. 2017; 8 (4):576-592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Fares; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Mongi Zekri; Dirceu Mattos Jr.; Ripendra Awal. 2017. "Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world." Journal of Water and Climate Change 8, no. 4: 576-592.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2017 in Water
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The main goal of this study was to evaluate four major remote sensing soil moisture (SM) products over the state of Texas. These remote sensing products are: (i) the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer—Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (2002–September 2011); (ii) the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity system (SMOS, 2010–present); (iii) AMSR2 (2012–present); and (iv) the Soil Moisture Active Passive system (SMAP, 2015–present). The quality of the generated SM data is influenced by the accuracy and precision of the sensors and the retrieval algorithms used in processing raw data. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the quality of these satellite SM products using in situ measurements and/or by inter-comparing their data during overlapping periods. In this study, these two approaches were used where we compared each satellite SM product to in situ soil moisture measurements and we also conducted an inter-comparison of the four satellite SM products at 15 different locations in Texas over six major land cover types (cropland, shrub, grassland, forest, pasture and developed) and eight climate zones along with in situ SM data from 15 Mesonet, USCRN and USDA-NRCS Scan stations. Results show that SM data from SMAP had the best correlation coefficients range from 0.37 to 0.92 with in situ measurements among the four tested satellite surface SM products. On the other hand, SM data from SMOS, AMSR2 and AMSR-E had moderate to low correlation coefficients ranges with in situ data, respectively, from 0.24–0.78, 0.07–0.62 and 0.05–0.52. During the overlapping periods, average root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the correlations between in situ and each satellite data were 0.13 (AMSR-E) and 0.13 (SMOS) cm3/cm3 (2010–2011), 0.16 (AMSR2) and 0.14 (SMOS) cm3/cm3 (2012–2016) and 0.13, 0.16, 0.14 (SMAP, AMSR2, SMOS) cm3/cm3 (2015–2016), respectively. Despite the coarser spatial resolution of all four satellite products (25–36 km), their SM measurements are considered reasonable and can be effectively used for different applications, e.g., flood forecasting, and drought prediction; however, further evaluation of each satellite product is recommended prior to its use in practical applications.

ACS Style

Ram L. Ray; Ali Fares; Yiping He; Marouane Temimi. Evaluation and Inter-Comparison of Satellite Soil Moisture Products Using In Situ Observations over Texas, U.S. Water 2017, 9, 372 .

AMA Style

Ram L. Ray, Ali Fares, Yiping He, Marouane Temimi. Evaluation and Inter-Comparison of Satellite Soil Moisture Products Using In Situ Observations over Texas, U.S. Water. 2017; 9 (6):372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram L. Ray; Ali Fares; Yiping He; Marouane Temimi. 2017. "Evaluation and Inter-Comparison of Satellite Soil Moisture Products Using In Situ Observations over Texas, U.S." Water 9, no. 6: 372.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2017 in 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017
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ACS Style

Almoutaz El Hassan; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Eric Risch; Ali Fares. MODELING THE EFFECT OF LANDUSE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF A SEMI URBANIZED WATERSHED USING A PHYSICALLY BASED DISTRIBUTED MODEL. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Almoutaz El Hassan, Ripendra Awal, Haimanote Bayabil, Ram Ray, Eric Risch, Ali Fares. MODELING THE EFFECT OF LANDUSE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF A SEMI URBANIZED WATERSHED USING A PHYSICALLY BASED DISTRIBUTED MODEL. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Almoutaz El Hassan; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Eric Risch; Ali Fares. 2017. "MODELING THE EFFECT OF LANDUSE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF A SEMI URBANIZED WATERSHED USING A PHYSICALLY BASED DISTRIBUTED MODEL." 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2017 in 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017
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ACS Style

Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Ram Sai Reddy Janapana. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW IRRIGATION SCHEDULING TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND URBAN LANDSCAPE IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, Ram Sai Reddy Janapana. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW IRRIGATION SCHEDULING TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND URBAN LANDSCAPE IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Ram Sai Reddy Janapana. 2017. "DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW IRRIGATION SCHEDULING TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND URBAN LANDSCAPE IN TEXAS." 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2017 in 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017
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ACS Style

Ram L. Ray; Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Eric Risch. ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN IMPERVIOUS AREAS ON FLOODING IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Ram L. Ray, Ali Fares, Ripendra Awal, Eric Risch. ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN IMPERVIOUS AREAS ON FLOODING IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram L. Ray; Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Eric Risch. 2017. "ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN IMPERVIOUS AREAS ON FLOODING IN TEXAS." 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2017 in 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017
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ACS Style

Haimanote Bayabil; Ali Fares; Almoutaz El Hassan; Yassine Cherif. ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCES IN THE LOWER BASIN WATERSHED OF THE COLORADO RIVER. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Haimanote Bayabil, Ali Fares, Almoutaz El Hassan, Yassine Cherif. ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCES IN THE LOWER BASIN WATERSHED OF THE COLORADO RIVER. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haimanote Bayabil; Ali Fares; Almoutaz El Hassan; Yassine Cherif. 2017. "ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCES IN THE LOWER BASIN WATERSHED OF THE COLORADO RIVER." 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2016 in Water
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Texas’ fast-growing economy and population, coupled with cycles of droughts due to climate change, are creating an insatiable demand for water and an increasing need to understand the potential impacts of future climates and climate extremes on the state’s water resources. The objective of this study was to determine potential future climates and climate extremes; and to assess spatial and temporal changes in precipitation (Prec), and minimum and maximum temperature (Tmin and Tmax, respectively), in the Brazos Headwaters Basin under three greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (A2, A1B, and B1) for three future periods: 2020s (2011–2030), 2055s (2046–2065), and 2090s (2080–2099). Daily gridded climate data obtained from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) were used to downscale outputs from 15 General Circulation Models (GCMs) using the Long Ashton Research Station–Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model. Results indicate that basin average Tmin and Tmax will increase; however, annual precipitation will decrease for all periods. Annual precipitation will decrease by up to 5.2% and 6.8% in the 2055s and 2090s, respectively. However, in some locations in the basin, up to a 14% decrease in precipitation is projected in the 2090s under the A2 (high) emissions scenario. Overall, the northwestern and southern part of the Brazos Headwaters Basin will experience greater decreases in precipitation. Moreover, precipitation indices of the number of wet days (prec ≥ 5 mm) and heavy precipitation days (prec ≥ 10 mm) are projected to slightly decrease for all future periods. On the other hand, Tmin and Tmax will increase by 2 and 3 °C on average in the 2055s and 2090s, respectively. Mostly, projected increases in Tmin and Tmax will be in the upper range in the southern and southeastern part of the basin. Temperature indices of frost (Tmin < 0 °C) and ice days (Tmax < 0 °C) are projected to decrease, while tropical nights (Tmin > 20 °C) and summer days (Tmax > 25 °C) are expected to increase. However, while the frequency distribution of metrological drought shows slight shifts towards the dry range, there was no significant difference between the baseline and projected metrological drought frequency and severity.

ACS Style

Ripendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Ali Fares. Analysis of Potential Future Climate and Climate Extremes in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water 2016, 8, 603 .

AMA Style

Ripendra Awal, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Ali Fares. Analysis of Potential Future Climate and Climate Extremes in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water. 2016; 8 (12):603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ripendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Ali Fares. 2016. "Analysis of Potential Future Climate and Climate Extremes in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas." Water 8, no. 12: 603.

Book chapter
Published: 12 August 2016 in Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources
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Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater. Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources 2016, 67 -99.

AMA Style

Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares. Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater. Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources. 2016; ():67-99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. 2016. "Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater." Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources , no. : 67-99.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2016 in Sensors
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Studies show that the performance of soil water content monitoring (SWCM) sensors is affected by soil physical and chemical properties. However, the effect of organic matter on SWCM sensor responses remains less understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (i) assess the effect of organic matter on the accuracy and precision of SWCM sensors using a commercially available soil water content monitoring sensor; and (ii) account for the organic matter effect on the sensor’s accuracy. Sand columns with seven rates of oven-dried sawdust (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 18% v/v, used as an organic matter amendment), thoroughly mixed with quartz sand, and a control without sawdust were prepared by packing quartz sand in two-liter glass containers. Sand was purposely chosen because of the absence of any organic matter or salinity, and also because sand has a relatively low cation exchange capacity that will not interfere with the treatment effect of the current work. Sensor readings (raw counts) were monitored at seven water content levels (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30 cm3 cm−3) by uniformly adding the corresponding volumes of deionized water in addition to the oven-dry one. Sensor readings were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the organic matter level and water content. Sensor readings were strongly correlated with the organic matter level (R2 = 0.92). In addition, the default calibration equation underestimated the water content readings at the lower water content range (0.05 cm3 cm−3). A new polynomial calibration equation that uses raw count and organic matter content as covariates improved the accuracy of the sensor (RMSE = 0.01 cm3 cm−3). Overall, findings of this study highlight the need to account for the effect of soil organic matter content to improve the accuracy and precision of the tested sensor under different soils and environmental conditions.

ACS Style

Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil. Soil Water Content Sensor Response to Organic Matter Content under Laboratory Conditions. Sensors 2016, 16, 1239 .

AMA Style

Ali Fares, Ripendra Awal, Haimanote K. Bayabil. Soil Water Content Sensor Response to Organic Matter Content under Laboratory Conditions. Sensors. 2016; 16 (8):1239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil. 2016. "Soil Water Content Sensor Response to Organic Matter Content under Laboratory Conditions." Sensors 16, no. 8: 1239.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2016 in Journal of Agricultural Science
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Peroxidases participate in lignin biosynthesis, but there is no biochemical resolution between the structural units of lignin and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Black-eyed beans are staple high-protein foods for millions of at-risk populations in every continent. Its cultivation in semiarid zones could be leveraged to maximize SOC sequestration. Cowpea was treated with stoichiometric mixes of mineral nutrients. Peroxidase was electrophoretically purified from leaves, and assayed for o-dianisidine (guaiacyl units) and pyrogallol (p-hydroxyphenyl units) substrate specificities. Lignin, and SOC compositions were determined by gravimetry. Sulfate-treated cowpea produced the highest lignin (318.88 kg·ha-1) because the o-dianisidine maximum velocity (Vmax) value (0.36 µM·min-1·mg-1) was higher than that for the pyrogallol (0.08 µM·min-1·mg-1), but the SOC (64.75 kg·ha-1) was low due to the guaiacyl being higher than p-hydroxyphenyl units. Peroxidase Vmax value was low (0.12 µM·min-1·mg-1) for both substrates in the control cowpea, and accordingly lignin (268.44 kg·ha-1) and SOC (42.33 kg·ha-1) compositions were very low. The pyrogallol Vmax value (0.5 µM·min-1·mg-1) was lower than the o-dianisidine value (1.0 µM·min-1·mg-1) for KK-treated cowpea, and accordingly the lignin contents (227.4 kg·ha-1) possessed variable compositions of guaiacyl and p-hydroxyphenyl units, leading to very high SOC composition (214.56 kg·ha-1). The high SOC sequestration technology involving fertilization with stoichiometric mixes of mineral nutrients could enable limited resource farmers who cultivate cowpeas as cover crop in the Sahel to improve SOM while producing their staple crop.

ACS Style

Godson O. Osuji; Wenceslaus C. Madu; Eustace Duffus; Paul Johnson; Aruna Weerasooriya; Peter A. Y. Ampim; Laura Carson; Sanique South; Dwiesha Johnson; Ali Fares; Alton Johnson. Regulated Lignin Structural Units and Soil Organic Carbon Content by Cowpea Peroxidase. Journal of Agricultural Science 2016, 8, 12 .

AMA Style

Godson O. Osuji, Wenceslaus C. Madu, Eustace Duffus, Paul Johnson, Aruna Weerasooriya, Peter A. Y. Ampim, Laura Carson, Sanique South, Dwiesha Johnson, Ali Fares, Alton Johnson. Regulated Lignin Structural Units and Soil Organic Carbon Content by Cowpea Peroxidase. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2016; 8 (9):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Godson O. Osuji; Wenceslaus C. Madu; Eustace Duffus; Paul Johnson; Aruna Weerasooriya; Peter A. Y. Ampim; Laura Carson; Sanique South; Dwiesha Johnson; Ali Fares; Alton Johnson. 2016. "Regulated Lignin Structural Units and Soil Organic Carbon Content by Cowpea Peroxidase." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 9: 12.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2016 in Geosciences
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The objective of this study was to use satellite imagery to monitor the water budget of Al Ain region in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Inflows and outflows were estimated and the trend of water storage variation in the study area was examined from 2005 to 2014. Evapotranspiration was estimated using the simplified Penman-Monteith equation. Landsat images were used to determine the extent of agricultural and green areas. Time series of gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) observations over the study area were used to assess the inferred water storage variation from satellite data. The change of storage inferred from the Water Budget Equation showed a decreasing trend at an average rate of 2.57 Mm3 annually. Moreover, GRACE readings showed a decreasing trend at a rate of 0.35 cm of water depth annually. Mann-Kendal, a non-parametric trend test, proved the presence of significant negative trends in both time series at a 5% significance level. A two-month lag resulted in a better agreement (R2 = 0.55) between the change in water storage and GRACE anomalies within the study area. These results suggest that water storage in the study area is being depleted significantly. Moreover, the potential of remote sensing in water resource management, especially in remote and arid areas, was demonstrated.

ACS Style

Dawit T. Ghebreyesus; Marouane Temimi; Ali Fares; Haimanote K. Bayabil. A Multi-Satellite Approach for Water Storage Monitoring in an Arid Watershed. Geosciences 2016, 6, 33 .

AMA Style

Dawit T. Ghebreyesus, Marouane Temimi, Ali Fares, Haimanote K. Bayabil. A Multi-Satellite Approach for Water Storage Monitoring in an Arid Watershed. Geosciences. 2016; 6 (3):33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawit T. Ghebreyesus; Marouane Temimi; Ali Fares; Haimanote K. Bayabil. 2016. "A Multi-Satellite Approach for Water Storage Monitoring in an Arid Watershed." Geosciences 6, no. 3: 33.