The study aimed at investigating the challenges of undergraduate married female students in higher education of Afghanistan. It also explored whether the participants’ demographic variables such as class, age and residential areas had any effect on their responses. The study employed a quantitative research design. A survey questionnaire with 29 items was used to collect the data from 100 purposefully selected respondents at Takhar University. The population of the study was undergraduate married female students who were majoring in different fields at Takhar University. 117 copies of questionnaires were administered to the respondents and only 100 useable ones were returned to the researchers. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0) was used in analyzing the data. The study found that Afghan married female students faced different problems during their studies at the university and the challenges had a significant effect on them. It also revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the responses of the students by their class, age and residential areas. The study suggests that educational leaders should develop counselling programs at the universities to tackle the challenges of married female students and involve various stakeholders to improve their achievement.

Leadership is the process of influencing followers to achieve a goal. This study aims to explore the Afghan postgraduate students’ experiences of their leadership development through the leadership course taught in Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia. A quantitative research design was employed in the study. An online survey questionnaire with 19 items was used to collect the data. The survey questionnaire was administered to all 46 postgraduate students in Social Sciences, Humanities and Science faculties, but only 42 of them responded to the online survey. Statistical Package for Social Sciences has been used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean, frequency and percentage. Inferential statistics such as Independent Sample T-Test and One Way ANOVA were used to find out the differences in the responses of the participants by their demographic variables, i.e., gender, year of study, faculty, work experience and age. The finding showed that the students had a positive perception of the leadership course. The participants believed that the course helped them to improve their leadership skills. The study recommends that the leadership course be taught in Afghanistan universities since it plays a crucial part in developing leadership skills in students, which is crucial for their career after graduation.