With China as the study area, MODIS MOD14A1 and MCD12Q1 products were used to derive daily crop residue burning spots from 2014 to 2015. After vectorization of crop residue burning pixels and with the use of fishnet, burning density distribution maps were eventually completed. Meanwhile, the daily air quality data from 150 cities in 2014 and 285 cities in 2015 were used to obtain daily and monthly PM2.5 distribution maps with the Kriging interpolation. The results indicate that crop residue burning occurs in a seasonal pattern, and its spatial distribution is closely related to farming activities. The annual PM2.5 in China decreased 11.81% from 2014 to 2015, and the distribution of PM2.5 in China's east and north is always higher than in China's west and south. Furthermore, the changes in PM2.5 exhibit a hysteresis after crop residue burning in summer and autumn-winter. Regarding summer crop residue burning in China's middle-east, the r between crop residue burning spots and PM2.5 is 0.6921 (P < 0.01) in 2014 and 0.5620 (P < 0.01) in 2015, while the correlation coefficient of autumn-winter crop residue burning in China's northeast is slightly lower with an r of 0.5670 (P < 0.01) in 2014 and 0.6213 (P < 0.01) in 2015. In autumn-winter, crop residue burning can induce evident PM2.5 increase in China's northeast, and that is more obvious than summer crop residue burning in China's middle-east. Furthermore, when data of summer and autumn-winter crop residue burning from 2014 to 2015 are compared, we can see that the change in number of crop residue burning spots significant changes PM2.5 in these regions. Both the summer and autumn-winter crop residue burning areas presented spatial consistency with high PM2.5. By contrast, the results from many aspects indicated that the crop residue burning in spring did not cause a notable change of PM2.5.

Purpose. To compare the differences in rural household livelihood capital before and after the development of rural tourism to derive factors that affect rural household livelihood capital. Methodology. This study establishes a household livelihood capital index system to determine the total livelihood capital owned by rural households. Findings. After the development of rural tourism, regardless of farmers participating in rural tourism or not participating in rural tourism, their livelihood capital has increased, but the growth rate of livelihood capital of farmers participating in rural tourism is significantly higher than that of non-participating farmers, especially social capital and financial capital. Originality. This study is based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework developed by DFID, analyzes the characteristics of farmers livelihood capital and livelihood activities, and discusses the differences of farmers livelihood capital before and after rural tourism development.

The paper use the AHP‐DEA model to evaluate and analyze the current situation and influencing factors of rural ecological environment of farmers with different livelihood strategies in 9 administrative villages in 3 districts and counties of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The deeper the nonagricultural level, the worse the impact on the rural ecological environment, and the worse its ecological status. However, the degree of nonagricultural employment of farmers is not the only determinant of the quality of rural ecological environment. (2) The intensity of chemical fertilizer use, agricultural output value, pesticide use intensity, per capita net income, agricultural investment, and agricultural film use intensity are the key factors affecting the rural ecological environment of different part‐time farmers in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The government should increase agricultural investment, introduce economically efficient agricultural projects, and vigorously develop low‐carbon agriculture. (3) The rural ecological environment of farmers has not improved with the rapid development of the economy but instead has the opposite development trend; that is, the more developed the economy, the worse the rural ecology.

The research object of this paper is DaZu comprehensive land consolidation projects in Hechuan County of Chongqing, analysis the land comprehensive consolidation impact on land quality in hills and mountains. The results show: (1)Through comprehensive improvement of rural land, land topography factors increase the value of20.85%; Soil factors increase the value of 11.58%; Moisture factors comprehensive values improved8.09%; Landscape factors increase the value of 1.90%。(2)Overall, land quality integrated value is 1 before comprehensive improvement of rural land. Land quality integrated value is 1.4242 after comprehensive improvement of rural land, improved by 42.42 %. Visible through the comprehensive improvement of rural land, land quality has increased in the study area, a good foundation for the sustainable development of agriculture.