Facial expression recognition has received extensive attention in recent years due to its important applications in many fields. Most expression samples used in research are relatively easy to analyze emotions because they have explicit expressions with strong intensities. However, in situations such as polygraph detection in the security field, emotions are expressed in suppressed with low intensive expression or subtle expressions, making it difficult to estimate emotions accurately. In these situations, effectively extracting expression features from facial expression images is a critical problem that affects the accuracy of subtle expression recognition. To address this problem, we propose an end-to-end group adaptive attention model for subtle expression recognition. Cropping an image into several regions of interest (ROI) according to the correlations between facial skeleton and emotions, the proposed model analyses the relationship among regions of interest, and mutual relations between local regions and the holistic region. Using the region group adaptive attention mechanism, the model trains the convolutional neural network to efficiently extract facial expressions representing features and increases the accuracy and robustness of the recognition. To improve the ability of different regional features to discriminate expressions, a group adaptive loss function is introduced to verify and improve estimation accuracy.

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized our comprehension of intelligence bringing us closer to Artificial Intelligence. Since their introduction, researchers have actively explored the applications of LLMs across diverse fields, significantly elevating capabilities. Cybersecurity, traditionally resistant to data-driven solutions and slow to embrace machine learning, stands out as a domain. This study examines the existing literature, providing a thorough characterization of both defensive and adversarial applications of LLMs within the realm of cybersecurity. Our review not only surveys and categorizes the current landscape but also identifies critical research gaps. By evaluating both offensive and defensive applications, we aim to provide a holistic understanding of the potential risks and opportunities associated with LLM-driven cybersecurity.

As a common language form in oral communication, short text is hard to be used in the applications such as intent understanding, text classification and so on due to its limited content and information, as well as irregular expression and missing components. To increase the availability of short texts in real applications, we propose a Label Information Assisting-based Model (LIAM) for Chinese short text classification. In the model, we jointly use sentence-level features and word-level features to reduce text information loss. And the sentence-level features are fused with relevant label information by the Label Information Extending and Fusion (LIEF) module while the word-level features are also enhanced with assistance of relevant label information. By utilizing the text-related information from labels as extended information, the model enriches and enhances the features of short text, benefiting classification. To verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on four Chinese datasets and six sub-datasets with different models. The experimental results show that LIAM presented can effectively enrich information for text and much improve the performance of short text classification. It performs much better than other methods do. What is more, the less the training set, the greater the advantages of the model.