Alopecia represents a multifaceted challenge with distinct etiologies and consequences. Transposed to the world of oncology, different types of alopecia and molecular pathways have been characterized, allowing a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In patients with cancer, alopecia can be iatrogenic (i.e., due to conventional chemotherapies, endocrine therapies, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, radiotherapy and surgery) or a direct consequence of the disease itself (e.g., malnutrition, scalp metastases and paraneoplastic syndromes). Identification of the actual incriminated mechanism(s) is therefore essential in order to deliver appropriate supportive care, whether preventive or curative. On the preventive side, the last few years have seen the advent of the automated cooling cap, a prophylactic approach supported by several randomized clinical trials. On the curative side, although the treatments currently available are limited, several promising therapeutic approaches are under development. Appropriate alopecia management is essential, particularly regarding its psychological repercussions with significant consequences on the quality of life of patients and their family and with a potential impact on treatment compliance.

Vasoconstrictor assay described in 1962 was an interesting assessment of potency of topical corticosteroids at the beginning of these new therapies, however knowledge and technology have evolved and the classification should follow. A topical corticosteroids with a strong vasoconstrictor effect, as determined by vasoconstrictor assay, has not necessary a strong anti‐inflammatory effect. Therefore a specific classification adapted to the therapeutic target is needed to be more efficient and thus reduce side effects and corticophobia.

A human-relevant organ-on-chip model integrates iPSC-derived sensory neurons and keratinocytes in MEA microfluidic systems, enabling real-time electrophysiology to study neuron–skin interactions for pain, itch, and drug screening.