By means of phytosociological techniques and 254 relevés taken both from bibliography (162) and specific field sampling (92), a review of the rooted aquatic vegetation in the south of the Iberian Peninsula was carried out. The survey has led to the recognition of 17 plant associations, 7 of which had not so far been described: Myriophyllo alterniflori-Potametum natantis, Callitricho brutiae-Ranunculetum saniculifolii, Callitricho brutiae-Ranunculetum peltati, Ranunculetum trichophylli, Callitricho lusitanicae-Ranunculetum penicillati, Callitricho lusitanicae-Ranunculetum pseudofluitantis and Zannichellietum contortae. The research has also provided new floristic, ecological and biogeo- graphical data concerning associations either unknown or little mentioned in the area under study. Each recognised community is classified in a syntaxonomical synopsis and characterised by its main ecological parameters.

Limonium supinum, a perennial herb with interest for the restoration and gardening of arid zones, is widely distributed in saline areas from southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the effects of temperature and salinity on seed germination and on germination recovery from the effects of saline conditions after transfer to distilled water. Seed germination responses were determined over a four temperature regimes (20/10, 25/15, 30/20 and 35/25 °C; 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod) and six salinities (0, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 600 mM NaCl). The higher germination percentages were obtained in non-saline conditions, under all temperature regimes. An alternating temperature of 20 °C light and 10 °C dark yielded the maximum germination for any saline concentration. Increase in salinity delayed the beginning and end of germination and reduced the final percentage of germination, which becomes completely inhibited at 600 mM NaCl. The adverse effect of salinity is reinforced by high temperatures (30/20 and 35/25 °C). The germination rate was also negatively affected by the increase in salinity and temperature. The final recovery percentages in high salt treatments were near 100%, indicating that exposure to high concentration of NaCl did not inhibit germination permanently.

Salinity is one the most recurrent abiotic stresses worldwide and severely affects crop productivity in arid and semiarid environments. This research analyzed several plant growth regulators that could mitigate the effects of salinity on olive plants (Olea europaea L. cultivar Picual). Mist-rooted cuttings were grown in a growth chamber and pretreated with gibberellic acid (GA₃), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and Kinetin by foliar spraying twice a week for three weeks. At the end of the pretreatment, the plants were exposed to 100 mM and 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for six weeks. The results showed that plants pretreated with the plant growth regulators significantly increased their biomass under saline conditions. In addition, IAA and SA restricted the transport of sodium (Na⁺) ions from roots to leaves and improved the leaf potassium (K⁺)/Na⁺ ratio. IAA and SA favored proline, fructose, and mannitol accumulation in leaves at 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl, as did glucose at 200 mM NaCl. Salicylic acid and IAA increased pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and polyamines accumulation under saline conditions. The findings of this study suggest that pretreatments with IAA and SA may be a highly effective way of increasing salt tolerance in olive plantlets.

We modelled the potential habitat of a threatened species D. fissum subsp. sordidum, an endemic hemicryptophyte with a disjunct distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Maxent was used to predict the subspecies habitat suitability by relating field sample-based distributional information with environmental and topographic variables. Our results suggest that the model performed well, predicting with high accuracy the current distribution of the species. The variables that most contributed to the model were Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (MTWtQ), Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (PWmQ), Temperature Annual Range (TAR) and Slope (Slo). These variables are biological significant for the taxon, as they have decisive influence in the critical stages of germination and fruiting. The current and potential distributional areas identified by the model fall mainly in regions with some degree of environmental protection, with some exceptions. A recovery plan for the species should be considered. Species Distribution Modelling cannot substitute long-term monitoring programmes, yet it is a useful tool for identifying appropriate areas of taxon occurrence, and thus allow for efficient use of the economic and human resources.

Se señala la presencia en Andalucía de 4.898 taxones de flora (especies, subespecies e híbridos) pertenecientes a 171 familias y 1.172 géneros, de los que 4.253 (86,8%) son autóctonos y 645 (13,2%) son alóctonos. El número total de especies es de 4.324, el de subespecies 328 y 246 son híbridos. En el territorio andaluz se presentan 944 taxones endémicos a nivel de España peninsular e Islas Baleares, de los que 429 son exclusivos de Andalucía; otros 76 presentan el núcleo principal en Andalucía, pero cuentan con alguna población en las provincias limítrofes con el territorio; 14 tienen el núcleo principal en alguna provincia limítrofe, pero cuentan con alguna población en Andalucía, y 425 son endemismos estrictos ibero-baleares con una distribución que sobrepasa ampliamente los límites de Andalucía. La elevada diversidad vegetal andaluza se debe tanto a la gran heterogeneidad ambiental, litológica, edafológica, climática y altitudinal, como a la complicada historia geológica y a su posición entre los continentes europeo y africano. Destacan las provincias de Granada, Jaén, Almería, Málaga y Cádiz, ocupadas en su mayor parte por la cordillera Bética, que superan los 2 400 taxones y las 2.200 especies, presentando la provincia de Granada los valores máximos con 3.209 taxones y 2.912 especies.