Abbreviations and acronyms2770Preamble27701. Introduction27712. Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy: pathophysiology and management2771 2.1 Myocar

The adverse effects of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on long-term outcomes has now been reported in a number of natural history studies.^1,2 Current treatment for TR is primarily with optimal medical therapy involving diuretics, or surgery.³ Surgical mortality for isolated tricuspid valve interventions however, remains higher than for any other single valve surgery.^4,5 Despite the low risk of added tricuspid repair at the time of the left-sided disease surgery,⁶ and the current guideline recommendation to intervene with annular dilation even in the absence of severe TR,^3,7 combined left and right heart valve surgery remains underutilized. In addition, as more left-sided valve disease is treated with transcatheter therapies, the negative impact of TR on survival in these patients has...

The introduction of devices for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, mitral repair, and closure of prosthetic paravalvular leaks has led to a greatly expanded armamentarium of catheter-based approaches to patients with regurgitant as well as stenotic valvular disease. Echocardiography plays an essential role in identifying patients suitable for these interventions and in providing intra-procedural monitoring. Moreover, echocardiography is the primary modality for post-procedure follow-up. The echocardiographic assessment of patients undergoing transcatheter interventions places demands on echocardiographers that differ from those of the routine evaluation of patients with native or prosthetic valvular disease. Consequently, the European Association of Echocardiography in partnership with the American Society of Echocardiography has developed the recommendations for the use of echocardiography in new transcatheter interventions for valvular heart disease. It is intended that this document will serve as a reference for echocardiographers participating in any or all stages of new transcatheter treatments for patients with valvular heart disease.

Hypertension remains a major contributor to the global burden of disease. The measurement of blood pressure continues to have pitfalls related to both physiological aspects and acute variation. As the left ventricle (LV) remains one of the main target organs of hypertension, and echocardiographic measures of structure and function carry prognostic information in this setting, the development of a consensus position on the use of echocardiography in this setting is important. Recent developments in the assessment of LV hypertrophy and LV systolic and diastolic function have prompted the preparation of this document. The focus of this work is on the cardiovascular responses to hypertension rather than the diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Sections address the pathophysiology of the cardiac and vascular responses to hypertension, measurement of LV mass, geometry, and function, as well as effects of treatment.