In today’s digital landscape, the increasing prevalence of internet-connected devices, including smartphones, personal computers, and IoT devices, has enabled users to perform a wide range of daily activities such as shopping, banking, and communication in the online world. However, cybercriminals are capitalizing on the Internet’s anonymity and the ease of conducting cyberattacks. Phishing attacks have become a popular method for acquiring sensitive user information, including passwords, bank account details, social security numbers and more, often through social engineering and messaging tools. To protect users from such threats, it is essential to establish sophisticated phishing detection systems on computing devices. Many of these systems leverage machine learning techniques for accurate classification. In recent years, deep learning algorithms have gained prominence, especially when dealing with large datasets. This study presents the development of a phishing detection system based on deep learning, employing five different algorithms: artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, bidirectional recurrent neural networks, and attention networks. The system primarily focuses on the fast classification of web pages using URLs. To assess the system’s performance, a relatively extensive dataset of labeled URLs, comprising approximately five million records, was collected and shared. The experimental results indicate that convolutional neural networks achieved the highest performance, boasting a detection accuracy of 98.74% for phishing attacks. This research underscores the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms, particularly in enhancing cybersecurity in the face of evolving cyber threats.

In recent years, due to the emergence of boundless communication paradigm and increased number of networked digital devices, there is a growing concern about cybersecurity which tries to preserve either the information or the communication technology of the system. Intruders discover new attack types day by day, therefore to prevent these attacks firstly they need to be identified correctly by the used intrusion detection systems (IDSs), and then proper responses should be given. IDSs, which play a very crucial role for the security of the network, consist of three main components: data collection, feature selection/conversion and decision engine. The last component directly affects the efficiency of the system and use of machine learning techniques is one of most promising research areas. Recently, deep learning has been emerged as a new approach which enables the use of Big Data with a low training time and high accuracy rate with its distinctive learning mechanism. Consequently, it has been started to use in IDS systems. In this paper, it is aimed to survey deep learning based intrusion detection system approach by making a comparative work of the literature and by giving the background knowledge either in deep learning algorithms or in intrusion detection systems.