The primary distresses of the asphalt pavement are rutting, fatigue cracking, and thermal cracking. Laboratory tests can be conducted to characterize the expected performance of asphalt concrete in the field. This study evaluated the double punch test (DPT) as an alternative test method to characterize the fatigue and rutting of asphalt concrete due to its simplicity. In DPT, a cylindrical asphalt concrete specimen is compressed vertically through two steel punches placed concentrically on the top and bottom. The specimen fails along the diametrical plane due to the tensile strain generated in the tangential direction. Double punch tests were performed at intermediate and high temperatures to characterize fatigue and rutting potential of asphalt concrete, respectively. The DPT results were found to correlate well with fatigue parameters from indirect tensile (IDT) tests for fatigue and flow number test results for rutting, both of which have been reported to correlate well with field fatigue and rutting performance, respectively. The results indicate that the DPT can serve as a viable alternative to evaluate the fatigue and rutting behavior of asphalt concrete.

Choosing new energy vehicles for travel, especially electric vehicles, is an important component of building a low-carbon urban transportation system. However, the charging need of electric vehicle users is still constrained by the unreasonable layout and insufficient supply of public charging piles in cities. Private charging pile sharing, as an alternative policy tool, can play a beneficial role in solving this problem. However, it needs decision-makers in urban transportation to take corresponding measures to promote. This paper constructs an evolutionary game model to study the decision behavior of participants in a private pile-sharing platform. Through numerical simulation analysis, it is found that under most parameter conditions, the government tends to establish a shared charging pile platform based on public interests. Private charging pile owners are influenced by the relationship between the cost of supply modification and revenue, and they tend to join the shared platform when they expect to recover the modification cost. The research conclusions of this paper will provide support for exploring how participants make decisions to maximize overall benefits in the development of low-carbon urban transportation.

In the context of global climate governance and the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) stringent carbon reduction targets, the transition to green shipping fuels faces systemic challenges in supply chain coordination. This study focuses on the strategic interactions between governments and enterprises in the construction of green fuel supply chains. By constructing a multidimensional scenario framework encompassing time, technological development, social attention, policy intensity, and market competition, and using evolutionary game models and system dynamics simulations, we reveal the dynamic evolution mechanism of government–enterprise decision making. System dynamics simulations reveal that (1) short-term government intervention accelerates infrastructure development but risks subsidy inefficiency; (2) medium-term policy stability and market-driven mechanisms are critical for sustaining enterprise investments; and (3) high social awareness and mature technologies significantly reduce strategic uncertainty. This research advances the application of evolutionary game theory in sustainable supply chains and offers a decision support framework for balancing governmental roles and market forces in maritime decarbonization.

Because container terminals are facing pressure to achieve carbon neutrality in China, saving energy has become an important objective of container terminals. This paper analyzed the movement path of containers between the quay carne and the yard, and found that paths in the vertical direction existed, requiring unnecessary energy consumption. To solve the unnecessary energy consumption problem, a completely new work mode called the high platform operation mode was proposed. In this new mode, a high platform is built above the yard and container trucks drive onto the high platform. By building an energy consumption model to compare the energy consumption of the traditional and new modes, we found that the new mode is able to save 1.478 kWh of electricity compared to the traditional mode when handling one container. A terminal company in Tianjin Port was taken as an example to examine and validate the efficiency of the proposed mode. The computational results indicate that the electricity saved in 12 years would be able to cover the cost of building the high platform, meaning that the new mode could reduce container terminals’ energy consumption and accelerate the achievement of carbon neutrality.

Studded tires are used during winter seasons to reduce snow- and ice-related accidents in several cold climate regions. However, during driving the studs in these tires progressively punch into the asphalt pavement and displace small aggregates, which eventually results in pavement rutting. This article reports the results of a comprehensive testing program conducted to identify potential materials and mix design variables for the development of a wear-resistant asphalt mix to reduce the studded-tire wear associated with traffic accidents and repair/rehabilitation costs without compromising field performance. These included asphalt binder content and asphalt performance grade (PG), nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS), aggregate type, gradation type, and addition of crumb rubber. The results show that an open-graded mix is not an appropriate alternative for studded-tire wear-resistance purposes. Slightly increasing the asphalt binder content can effectively improve the studded-tire wear resistance of asphalt mixtures with NMAS of 12.5 mm. However, this effectiveness is reduced with NMAS of 4.75 mm. Any increase in asphalt binder content to improve studded-tire wear resistance must be carefully done because it may affect permanent deformation resistance. On the contrary, crumb-rubber modification of asphalt binder is not a good option for the improvement of studded-tire wear resistance, but it can clearly improve the permanent deformation resistance as indicated by the flow number (FN) test results. Slightly increasing the fine aggregate content and changing the PG of asphalt binder can slightly improve studded-tire wear resistance, but the improvement is not statistically significant.