KB130015 (KB015), a new drug structurally related to amiodarone, has been proposed to have antiarrhythmic properties. In contrast to amiodarone, KB015 markedly slows the kinetics of inactivation of Na⁺channels by enhancing concentration‐dependently (K_0.5# 2 μM) a slow‐inactivatingI_Nacomponent (#_slow# 50 ms) at the expense of the normal, fast‐inactivating component (#_fast# 2 to 3 ms). However, like amiodarone, KB015 slows the recovery from inactivation and causes a shift (K_0.5. # 6.9 μM) of the steady‐state voltage‐dependent inactivation to more negative potentials. Despite prolonging the opening of Na⁺channels KB015 does not lengthen but often shortens the action potential duration (APD) in pig myocytes or in multicellular preparations. Only short APDs in mouse are markedly prolonged by KB015, which frequently induces early afterdepolarizations. KB015 has also an effect on other ion channels. It decreases the amplitude of the L‐type Ca²⁺current (I^Ca‐L) without changing its time course, and it inhibits G‐protein gated and ATP‐gated K⁺channels. Both the receptor‐activatedI^k(ACH)(induced in atrial myocytes by either ACh, adenosine or sphingosylphosphorylcholine) and the receptor‐independent (GTPγS‐induced or background)I^k(ACH)are concentration‐dependently (K_0.5# 0.6 – 0.9 μM) inhibited by KB015.I^k(ATP), induced in atrial myocytes during metabolic inhibition with 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP), is equally suppressed. However, KB015 has no effect onI_K1or onI_to. Consistent with the effects in K⁺currents, KB015 does not depolarize the resting potential but antagonizes the APD shortening by muscarinic receptor activation or by DNP. Intracellular cell dialysis with KB015 has marginal or no effect on Na⁺or K⁺channels and does not prevent the effect of extracellularly applied drug, suggesting that KB015 interacts directly with channels at sites more easily accessible from the extracellular than the intracellular side of the membrane. At high concentrations KB015 exerts a positive inotropic action. It also interacts with thyroid hormone nuclear receptors. Its toxic effects remain largely unexplored, but it is well tolerated during chronic administration.

La première partie de cet article présente les quatre thèmes qui, ensemble, constituent le cadre analytique de base de la Dynamique industrielle : (1) la nature de l'activité économique de la firme ; (2) les frontières de la firme et le degré d'interdépendance entre les firmes ; (3) le changement technologique et son cadre institutionnel ; et (4) le rôle de l'État. La deuxième partie de l'article fournit un exemple d'analyse de la dynamique industrielle, dans le cas de la productique en Suède. Trois composantes principales du système technologique de la productique sont l'infrastructure institutionnelle (la R-D industrielle, les organismes scientifiques et la politique gouvernementale), la concentration de ressources sous la forme de réseaux (l'accent étant mis sur « des institutions d'interface » et sur les relations entre offreurs et utilisateurs), et les compétences économiques de divers agents, en particulier d'utilisateurs et de producteurs.

Sport’s relation to society could be grasped in its connection to science. Thus, there seem to exist two parallel processes: the scientification of sport and the sportification of science. Undoubtedly, science has become an important part in the development of sport, particularly in elite sport. As regards the relation between science and sport, an opposite trend has also been observed, in which sport logic influences the (popular) presentation of science. In this respect, this essay talks about the ‘sportification of science’, by making reference to ‘Science Slam’ and ‘Grand Prix in Science’.

The last few decades have seen ice hockey blossom into a vibrant and multifaceted field of study in the humanities and social sciences. The result has been a veritable explosion of detailed and com...