<!--GALEY ICONS--> <!-- END ICONS--> PDF <!--end #articleFullText--> La baja representación femenina en áreas tecnológicas e ingeniería conlleva a que disminuya la diversidad y productividad en la fuerza laboral. Este estudio determinó los factores que mayor influencia tienen sobre la motivación de los escolares para decidir por carreras tecnológicas e ingeniería. Se planteó un modelo causal probado por medio de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales con datos de 1.697 escolares encuestados en la ciudad de Santiago. Los resultados sugieren que los factores “apoyo de profesores” y “autoconcepto” poseen el mayor efecto sobre la motivación, siendo este último percibido en mayor magnitud por hombres que por mujeres. Sorpresivamente, el factor “apoyo en el hogar” no mantuvo un efecto directo y significativo sobre la motivación.

In this paper, we introduce, model, and solve a clustered resource allocation and routing problem for humanitarian aid distribution in the event of an earthquake and subsequent tsunami. First, for the preparedness stage, we build a set of clusters to identify, classify, sort, focus, and prioritize the aid distribution. The clusters are built with k-means method and a modified version of the capacitated p-median model. Each cluster has a set of beneficiaries and candidate delivery aid points. Second, vehicle routes are strategically determined to visit the clusters for the response stage. A mixed integer linear programming model is presented to determine efficient vehicle routes, minimizing the aid distribution times. A vulnerability index is added to our model to prioritize aid distribution. A case study is solved for the city of Iquique, Chile.

We address the problem of picking up, stabilizing, and transporting casualties in response to mass-injury disasters. Our proposed methodology establishes the itinerary for collecting, on-site stabilization, and transporting victims considering capacitated vehicles and medical care centers. Unlike previous works, we minimize the time required to achieve on-site stabilization of each victim according to his age and level of severity of the injuries for their subsequent transfer to specialized medical centers. Thus, more critical patients will be the first to be stabilized, maximizing their chances of survival. In our methodology, the victims’ age, the injuries’ severity level, and their deterioration over time are considered critical factors in prioritizing care for each victim. We tested our approach using simulated earthquake scenarios in the city of Iquique, Chile, with multiple injuries. The results show that explicitly considering the on-site stabilization of the vital functions of the prioritized victims as an objective, before their transfer to a specialized medical center, allows treating and stabilizing patients earlier than with traditional objectives.