Possible correlations between orthorexic self-reports, unhealthy nutritional beliefs, behavioral rigidity related to following rules, and distortion of body self-image were investigated. In total, 246 university students of both sexes, from different areas of knowledge, answered a sociodemographic form, the Ortho-15, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Rigidity Scale, and a Nutritional Beliefs Form. Orthorexic self-reports were observed in 73 men and 106 women. A positive correlation was found between females and orthorexic self-reports (p = 0.036), and severe distortion of body self-image (p = 0.002) and between the latter, the behavioral rigidity scale (p2 = 0.189; p = 0.001), and female sex (p2 = 0.245; p < 0.000). In the logistic regression, women were 1.83 times more likely to present orthorexic behaviors than men. The creation of prevention and treatment strategies aimed at women is suggested and it recommended that studies investigating whether the presence of orthorexic self-reports is a risk factor for the development of eating disorders are carried out.

There is no single pattern for the evolution of the nutritional status of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies have found a tendency towards food selectivity with food monotony and difficulties with food texture in children with ASD, but studies in this area, especially in Brazil, are still scarce. The nutritional profile and changes in eating behavior were analyzed in patients with autism spectrum disorder assisted at a reference center in Belém. Eating behavior was assessed using the Labyrinth Scale, nutritional status assessment through weight and height (to calculate body mass index—BMI), and consumption food through the 24 h reminder. A total of 80 children of both sexes participated in the study, the majority of whom were male (80%), 47.5% eutrophic, while for the food consumption of the children evaluated, there was an average energy consumption of 1911 kcal daily, with 57.3%, 15.4%, and 27.3% of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, respectively. In relation to eating behavior, the highest averages were demonstrated in the domains of food selectivity, behavioral aspects, and mealtime skills. Masticatory motor scores showed a positive correlation with weight, BMI, and the amount of energy consumed by the child. The gastrointestinal symptoms score showed a negative correlation with the child’s age. Regarding mealtime skills, a negative correlation was observed with the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet and a positive correlation with the proportion of lipids consumed in the children’s diet. Therefore, knowing the main changes in eating behavior is important to ensure a complete and safe approach for each patient.

Individuals undergoing bariatric Surgery (BS) may have long-term weight regain. There is a need to investigate factors that may be related to this and if they can interfere with Quality of Life (QOL). This study aims to evaluate the relationship between eating behavior, perception of QOL, and weight regain in women after 24 months of bariatric surgery. This was a transversal study with 50 adult women residents in the city of Belém, Brazil. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, eating behavior (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire—TFEQ-21) and perception of QOL (Item Short Form Healthy Survey—SF-36) data were collected. In 60% (n = 30) there was weight regain (≥15%), with a mean weight regain of 23.3% (±18.4). Emotional eating was the most frequent pattern (p = 0.047). Regarding QOL, the functional capacity and limitation due to physical aspects domains had a better perception (p < 0.0001). Women without weight regain showed a better perception of the functional capacity aspects (p = 0.007), limitation due to physical aspects (p = 0.044), social aspects (p = 0.048), and general physical components (p = 0.016) and also had an inverse association with the perception of QOL in physical components (p = 0.008). Patterns of eating behavior and weight regain can damage the perception of QOL, especially physical capacity. Long-term follow-up is essential to evaluate the behavior of people who have undergone BS in order to prevent weight regain and QOL damage.

To control glycemic variability in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), it is essential to perform carbohydrate counting (CC), a strategy that ensures better quality of life for these patients. Thus, this study aims to analyze potential factors associated with adherence to CC in adults with T1DM during social distancing due to COVID-19 in Brazil. This was a single cross-sectional study carried out in July 2020. An online form was used to collect sociodemographic and economic data on the purchasing of supplies and food, as well as social distancing. The Chi-square test was performed with adjusted residuals analysis and a binomial logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). Of 472 adults, 37.71% reported performing CC in the same frequency as before social distancing. There was an association between performance of CC and the type of city (p = 0.027), family income (p = 0.000), use of financial emergency aid (p = 0.045), type of insulin administration and glycemic monitoring (p < 0.000), and cooking more (p = 0.012). Participants who maintained or reduced consumption of ultra-processed foods were 0.62 times more likely to adhere to CC (OR 0.626, 95% IC: 0.419–0.935) and participants who cooked more were 1.67 times more likely to adhere to CC (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.146–2.447). There are still people with T1DM who did not know about and did not use CC method, which highlights the need for diabetes education.

A lack of glycemic control and diabetes are risk factors for complications related to COVID-19, and social isolation can hinder adherence to physical activity. Thus, this study sought to assess the impacts of social distancing on the practice of physical activity of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This was a transversal study carried out using an online form to collect sociodemographic, practice of physical activity, and social distancing data. Of the 472 participants, 85.6% reported that they were respecting the steps of social distancing. Social distancing affected the practice of physical activity in adherence to the habit of practicing in frequency, duration, and perception of change in intensity. An association was found between noticing a lot of stress in the home environment and stopping physical activity; lower levels of tolerance to social distancing were associated with less physical activity, and maintaining the habit of practicing physical activity was associated with decreasing the intensity of the practice. Hence, social distancing harmed the practice of physical activity as part of the treatment of individuals with T1DM, both in the habit of practicing and in the characteristics of these practices of physical activity, such as frequency, duration, and intensity.

A Norma Brasileira de Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes e Crianças de Primeira Infância, Bicos, Chupetas e Mamadeiras (NBCAL), vigente no Brasil desde 1988, ainda é sistematicamente infringida, expondo mães e familiares ao marketing ilegal de produtos que competem com o aleitamento materno. O objetivo foi descrever metodologia de estudo multicêntrico e propor indicadores padronizados para monitoramento da NBCAL. Estudo Multicêntrico para Monitoramento da NBCAL (Multi-NBCAL) conduzido em sete cidades brasileiras: Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo; Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais); Florianópolis (Santa Catarina); Brasília (Distrito Federal); João Pessoa (Paraíba) e Belém (Pará). Instrumentos de avaliação foram adaptados do NetCode/WHO e da IBFAN Brasil (Rede Internacional em Defesa do Direito de Amamentar) para condução de dois inquéritos: (1) avaliação do cumprimento da NBCAL em estabelecimentos comerciais e das práticas e conhecimento dos seus gerentes sobre a NBCAL; (2) avaliação em maternidades da interação da indústria de alimentos infantis com profissionais de saúde e mães. Foram elaborados cinco indicadores para avaliação do cumprimento da NBCAL em estabelecimentos comerciais; sete indicadores para avaliar conhecimentos e práticas dos seus responsáveis; cinco indicadores para avaliar a oferta de incentivos a maternidades, profissionais de saúde e mães pelas indústrias e cinco indicadores para avaliar conhecimento e práticas de profissionais de saúde quanto à NBCAL. A metodologia de avaliação da NBCAL, com a proposta de indicadores padronizados, permite a comparabilidade de estudos sobre o tema. A utilização desses indicadores em inquéritos periódicos, nacionais ou regionais, pode contribuir para monitorar o grau de implementação da NBCAL no Brasil.