Metal exposures have been reported to be related to the progress of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, the currents results were still controversial, and the evidence about the effect of multi-metal exposure on MetS were limited. In this study, we intended to evaluate the relationships between metal mixture exposure and the prevalence of MetS in a mid-aged and older population of China. The plasma levels of 13 metals (aluminum, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, arsenic, zinc, selenium, cadmium, molybdenum and thallium) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 1277 adults recruited from the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen, China). Logistic regression, the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selectionator operator (LASSO) penalized regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to explore the associations and dose-response relationships of plasma metals with MetS. To evaluate the cumulative effect of metals, the Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) model was applied. The concentrations of magnesium and molybdenum were lower in the MetS group (p < 0.05). In the single-metal model, the adjusted ORs (95%CI) in the highest quartiles were 0.44 (0.35, 0.76) for magnesium and 0.30 (0.17, 0.51) for molybdenum compared with the lowest quartile. The negative associations and dose-dependent relationships of magnesium and molybdenum with MetS were further validated by the stepwise model, adaptive LASSO penalized regression and RCS analysis. The BKMR models showed that the metal mixture were associated with decreased MetS when the chemical mixtures were≥ 25th percentile compared to their medians, and Mg, Mo were the major contributors to the combined effect. Moreover, concentrations of magnesium were significantly related to blood glucose, and molybdenum was related with BMI, blood glucose and blood pressure. Elevated levels of plasma magnesium and molybdenum were associated with decreased prevalence of MetS. Further investigations in larger perspective cohorts are needed to confirm our findings.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has attracted great interest, with an increasing prevalence. Recent studies have shown that the serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio (SUACr) might be an excellent biomarker for MetS risk prediction in diabetic patients and postmenopausal women. However, the relationship between SUACr and MetS in a middle-aged and older population remains unclear.Methods: A total of 1277 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Logistic regression modelling was performed to assess the association between SUACr and MetS in the total population. The dose–response relationship of SUACr and MetS was further assessed by a restricted cubic spline model (RCS). Furthermore, to explore the relationships between the levels of SUACr and the number of metabolic components, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied.Results: The levels of SUACr were lower in the non-MetS participants (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.89; P<0.001),. Positive and dose–response relationships were further confirmed by the RCS model. We also found that, with increased number of components, the SUACr tended to increase. Moreover, values of SUACr were strongly related to levels of triglycerides (TGs), body mass index (BMI), blood glucose levels, systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), and hypertension. In addition, the positive association between SUACr and MetS also occurred in those patients with normal uric acid levels.Conclusion: Elevated values of SUACr were strongly associated with an increased risk of MetS; this positive relationship remained in those individuals with normal uric acid levels.

The IL-33/ST2 pathway plays a crucial role in the development of essential hypertension (EH). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EH and genetic variations in this pathway in the Chinese Han population. A total of 1,151 EH patients and 1,135 healthy controls were included in the study. Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-33 (IL-33) and interleukin-1receptor associated protein (IL-1RAcP) genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray and TaqMan assays. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the EH patients and controls using logistic regression analysis. The rs16865597 SNP in the IL-1RAcP gene was found to be associated with the risk of EH. Specifically, the presence of the C allele of rs16865597 was negatively correlated with EH susceptibility in both the additive model (P = 0.014, OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59–0.94) and the recessive model (P = 0.011, OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56–0.93). Additionally, rs16865597 was linked to a reduced risk of EH in specific subgroups, including males (OR add = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56–0.94, P = 0.015), nonsmokers (OR add = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.96, P = 0.023), nondrinkers (OR add = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53–0.93, P = 0.013), and individuals with low BMI (OR add = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92, P = 0.013). Moreover, the C genotype of rs16865597 was strongly associated with higher interleukin-10 levels in vivo. The rs16865597 SNP is significantly associated with a reduced risk of EH in the Chinese Han population, potentially due to its role in immune regulation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-025-04629-4.

Background Essential hypertension (EH) is a complex cardiovascular disorder involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. The IL-33/ST2 pathway was originally identified as a key player in type 2 immunity, which is involved in EH development. The current study was established to explore the relationship between EH and genetic variants within the IL-33/ST2 pathway in the Chinese Han population. Methods 1151 EH patients and 1135 controls were enrolled in this study. Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-33 and IL-1RAcP genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray and TaqMan assay. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the patients and controls using logistic regression analysis. Results Our results demonstrated that the SNP rs16865597 in IL-1RAcP gene was associated with EH risk, where the number of C alleles of rs16865597 negatively correlated with EH susceptibility in both the additive model (P = 0.014, OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59–0.94) and the recessive model (P = 0.011, OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56–0.93). In addition, rs16865597 was associated with decreased EH risk in males (OR add = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56–0.94, P = 0.015), nonsmokers (OR add = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.96, P = 0.023), nondrinkers (ORadd = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53–0.93, P = 0.013), and those with low BMI (OR add = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92, P = 0.013). Conclusion We identified an EH associated genetic polymorphism rs16865597. Our study might provide a clue to identify potential causal factors in the development of EH.