A mass disaster is a situation that involves criticality between the number of victims and resources, in terms of both men and means, present on the site of an event that is mostly unexpected and sudden. In the multidisciplinary teams that intervene, the role of forensic pathologists, who are responsible for the direction and coordination of post-mortem operations, is central, and must remain so. The authors report the case of an explosion of a pyrotechnic artifice factory, as a result of which numerous victims and injuries are recorded. So, the team completed the autopsies and created a protocol to obtain biological samples (bones, blood, teeth, muscles), while the forensic pathologists contacted the families of the alleged victims and each provided a blood sample that was collected for the DNA. The geneticist, using the method of gene extraction and amplification, obtained the DNA from each bone, tooth, and muscle of blood taken from the victims and then compared it with that extracted from the blood samples of the relatives; the electropherograms showed at least one allele for each genetic marker of the “Combined DNA Index System” in common between the victims and the families, thus allowing to establish the identity of all the subjects involved in the event. Having established the identity of all workers, it was possible to determine their whereabouts in the environment at the time of the location of fires and explosions. The results of the various forensic analyzes (autopsies, genetic investigations and even traumatological investigations) have allowed us to validate a scientific method useful in all mass disasters even when any type of anthropological or forensic dental research is difficult.

Fuel-driven cars are widely considered unsustainable and contrary to the new paradigm of smart growth planning. The need to reform transport behavior, policies, and infrastructure is among the priorities in urban policies around the world. Electric vehicles are an emerging technology that could advance sustainability programs. In the past year, there has been a rapid increase in the diffusion of electric scooters in several European cities, but various states have been unprepared for the rapid spread of green micro-mobility from a regulatory point of view. In addition, in parallel with the spread, there have been numerous road collisions involving standing electric scooters. The aim of this study was to obtain a detailed view of this phenomenon. We focused on the current legislation on electric micro-mobility at the European level to study and summarize the different attitudes adopted by various states whose regulations are present on the web. (It was not possible to evaluate the regulations of all European countries because they are not all available on online platforms.) The elements assessed in the various regulation were age limits, speed limits, compulsory use of helmets, administrative penalties, and the obligation to insure the new e-vehicle (standing scooter). In this study, we analyze the state of the art in electric micro-mobility, highlight the current situation’s limits, and propose new strategies to adequately integrate this new smart vehicle into the urban transport network.

To resolve cases involving unidentified cadavers, the study of polymorphic DNA markers of old bones is an invaluable but often challenging tool used in forensic genetics. Some of the difficulties encountered involve the limited quantity of endogenous DNA, its subsequent degradation (a result of elapsed time, environmental conditions, and the microorganisms that develop during the postmortem phase), and the coextraction of substances that inhibit amplification reactions. For these reasons, it is necessary to direct research toward the development of new extraction techniques with the goal of obtaining adequate quantities of high-quality DNA. The aim of this study was to improve the collection of extracted DNA compared with the amount of DNA obtained with the NucleoSpin DNA Trace Kit (Macherey Nagel) protocol for the extraction of genomic DNA from human bones. A modified version of the standard protocol is presented. The modified method for the extraction of genomic DNA, followed by amplification reaction, allowed for identification of 4 cadavers and typification of 1 cadaver. The study carried out involved unidentified cadavers, or their remains, discovered after a long period from time of death.

In the archeological site of the early Christian Episcopal\ud complex of Saint Peter, in Canosa di Puglia (Bari, Italy), during the\ud operations of archaeological excavations, tombs were discovered.\ud They were dated between the sixth and seventh centuries AD with\ud carbon 14 methodology. Five skeletons were found in the 5 tombs:\ud 28A: male individual, 43 years old. The height was 170 cm; the\ud biomass was 65.7 kg. The analysis of the bones indicated several\ud noteworthy pathologies, such as a number of hypoplasia lines of the\ud enamel, the presence of Schmorl hernias on the first 2 lumbar\ud vertebrae, and the outcome of subacromial impingement syndrome.\ud 28E was a male individual, with a biologic age of death of between\ud 44 and 60 years. The height was 177 cm. He had a posttraumatic\ud fracture callus of the medial third of the clavicle, with an oblique\ud fracture rima. 29B was a female individual, 44–49 years old. The\ud height was 158.8 cm; the biomass was 64.8 kg. There was Wells\ud bursitis on the ischial tuberosity on both sides. 29E was a male\ud individual, 45–50 years old. The height was 169.47 cm; the biomass\ud was 70.8 kg. The third and the fourth vertebrae showed Baastrup\ud syndrome (compression of the vertebral spine). There were radiologic\ud signs of deformity on the higher edge of the acetabula and\ud results of frequent sprains of the ankles. 31A was a male individual,\ud 47–54 years old. The height was 178.65 cm; the biomass was 81 kg.\ud The vertebral index showed a heavy overloading in the thoracic\ud lumbar region. There were bony formations under the periosteum on\ud both on the higher and medium facets of the first metatarsus and on\ud the higher and lateral facets of the fifth metatarsus on both sides.\ud As the topography indicates, these small ossifications coincided with\ud the contact points between the back of the foot and parts of the upper\ud shoe. From the osseous remains, in particular from the teeth (central\ud incisors), the DNA was extracted and typed to identify potential\ud family ties among all the subjects. The extraction technique used\ud came from the DNA Promega technique, partially modified by the\ud authors. Stay times of the sample in the extraction buffer were\ud increased and were increased the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\ud cycles