Intraocular metastases represent the most common type of intraocular tumors in adults. In most cases, the metastases originate from primary breast and lung cancers. Effective management of patients with intraocular metastatic disease requires a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, oncologists, and radiation therapists. The primary goals of treatment are disease control, maintenance of optimal quality of life, and preservation of functional vision. This article provides an in-depth overview of intraocular metastases, with special emphasis on the practical aspects of their diagnosis and treatment based on the most recent literature.

We report an unprecedented case of a young patient with epilepsy coexisting with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), a rare white dot syndrome of unknown etiology, associated with damage to the large zones of the outer retina. Recently, it has been established that epileptic episodes contribute to an inflammatory response both in the brain and the retina. A 13-year-old male patient with epilepsy was referred by a neurologist for an ophthalmologic consultation due to a sudden deterioration of visual acuity in the left eye. The examination, with a key role of multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with visual field assessment, and electroretinography indicated AZOOR as the underlying entity. Findings at the first admission included enlargement of the blind spot in visual field examination along a typical trizonal pattern, which was revealed by FAF, ICGA, and SS-OCT in the left eye. The right eye exhibited no abnormalities. Seminal follow-up revealed no changes in best corrected visual acuity, and multimodal imaging findings remain unaltered. Thus, no medical intervention is required. Our case and recent laboratory findings suggest a causative link between epilepsy and retinal disorders, although this issue requires further research.

Background/Aim: Lymphomas of the orbit and orbital adnexa are important concerns in ophthalmologic practice; however, due to their nonspecific signs and symptoms, establishing a definitive diagnosis is often challenging. This study aimed to further expand understanding of these entities by assessing the histopathological subtypes and characteristic features of orbital lymphomas in a population undergoing orbital surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology in Katowice. Patients and Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, a total of 107 orbital surgeries were performed for various orbital tumors. Tissue samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. In all patients, orbital lesions were evaluated using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Additionally, several parameters were measured at baseline and after surgery, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and associated ocular comorbidities. Results: Histopathological examination identified B-cell lymphomas in 15 patients (8 women and 7 men; mean age, 65.61 years). Palpable orbital lesions were the most common manifestation of lymphoma (88.89% of cases). No significant changes in BCVA or intraocular pressure were observed postoperatively Conclusion: Owing to its heterogeneous nature, orbital lymphoma may present with a wide range of clinical symptoms, often mimicking inflammatory conditions. Imaging studies and histopathological examination are essential for establishing the diagnosis and guiding subsequent treatment.