The aim of the present study was to evaluate different biological activities of Trichoderma viride fungus (Family Hypocreaceae). Trichoderma viride isolated for the first time from the cucumber soil (rhizosphere). It was tested as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agent. Trichoderma viride from the cucumber soil (rhizosphere) caused inhibition of the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Also, the alcoholic extract of the fungal mycelia proved a potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In addition, it exhibited a significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporium, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum at 100 µg/disc. Study of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the volatile constituents had been done. The in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and antiviral activities of the isolated proteins, and carbohydrates were determined. Furthermore, the volatile constituents were isolated from fresh mycelia of Trichoderma viride and subjected to GC/MS analysis. Total protein (10%), carbohydrate (19.57%), steroidal (13.95%) and triterpenoidal content (38.34%) were determined in the alcoholic extract of Trichoderma viride mycelia. In conclusion, this fungus showed antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial effects. Further studies must be done to identify the molecules responsible for its effect and to consider its application in the pharmacological and medicinal purposes.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as the most common type of gastrointestinal cancers. Chemotherapy became limited due to the adverse side effects. Therefore, the most effective Croton tiglium extract was selected to be incorporated by silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) then evaluated against colon cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. Methods: Different hematological and biochemical measurements were quantified in addition to markers of oxidative stress. Specific tumor and inflammatory markers were assayed. Colonic tissues were examined histopathologically in addition to immunohistochemistry (IHC). Native proteins and isoenzymes patterns were electrophoretically assayed beside expression of Tumor Protein P53 (TP53) and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) genes in colonic tissues. Results: It was found that AOM caused significant (P≤0.05) elevation in the hematological and biochemical measurements. C. tiglium nano-extract restored these measurements to normalcy. Tumor and inflammatory markers elevated significantly (P≤0.05) in sera of AOM induced colon cancer group in addition to increasing peroxidation products with decline in antioxidant enzymes activities in colon tissues. Nano-extract restored these measurements to normalcy in post-treated group. Histopathological study revealed that nano-extract minimized severity of inflammatory reactions in all nano-extract treated groups and prevented anti-Keratin 20 antibody expression in post-treated group. The lowest similarity index (SI%) values were noticed with electrophoretic protein (SI=71.43%), lipid (SI=0.00%) and calcium (SI=75.00%) moieties of protein patterns, catalase (SI=85.71%), peroxidase (SI=85.71%), α-esterase (SI=50.00%) and β-esterase (SI=50.00%) isoenzymes in colon cancer group. Furthermore, AOM altered the relative quantities of total native bands. The nano-extract prevented the alterations that occurred qualitatively in nano-extract post-treated group and quantitatively in all nano-extract treated groups. Levels of TP53 and APC gene expression increased in AOM injected group and nano-extract restored their levels to normalcy in the post-treated group. Conclusion: C. tiglium nano-extract exhibited ameliorative effect against the biochemical and molecular alterations induced by AOM in nano-extract post-treated group.

Background: The phytochemical constitution and biological capabilities of Fragaria ananassa's calyx have not been extensively investigated before. Consequently, the research study pointed for characterization, isolation, and identification of the sterols and flavonoids as the major active constituents in the calyx of F. ananassa and evaluation for their impacts as free radicals scavenger and anti-inflammatory agent. Results: GC/MS investigation for the lipoidal constitutions of F. ananassa's calyx was performed to identify twenty-six compounds signifying 83.08%, as well as isolation of campesterol, stigmast-4-en-3-one, and β-sitosterol-d-glucoside by column chromatography technique. Additionally, quantification and identification of the flavonoids in the ethyl acetate extract was carried out by HPLC/DAD technique beside to isolation and structure elucidation of 5-hydroxy-7, 4′-dimethoxy flavone and Chrysin. The free radicals scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of both non-polar and polar extracts have been tested against (DPPH and ABTS radicals) and (COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzymes), correspondingly. The results illustrated significant effects of the polar extract of F. ananassa calyx greater than non-polar one. The dynamic natures, binding interactions, and protein–ligand stabilities have also been investigated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation research. The MD simulation revealed that Chrysin's chromen ring was extended to catalytic position of COX-1 receptor, producing Pi-Pi T-shaped contact with Tyr 354 and Trp 356. In addition, Chrysin's chromen ring has formed a Pi-alkyl bond with Val 318 and Leu 321. However, due to the huge size of ꞵ-sitosterol-d-glucoside, the glycoside ring can form a hydrogen bond with Tyr 317. The cyclopentyl phenanthrene ring also possesses Pi-alkyl interactions with Ile 58, Leu 62, Val 85, Val 318, Tyr 324, Leu 326, Ala 496, and Leu 500. Conclusions: The findings of our study are crucial in establishing the molecular bases for Chrysin and ꞵ-sitosterol-d-glucoside action against anti-inflammatory targets and for developing more effective selective inhibitors. The discovery of the binding location for ATP can pave the door for development unique, structure-based approach for natural anti-inflammatory medications.