This study aimed to assess biomass production costs from perennial energy crops, such as Miscanthus giganteus, Sida hermaphrodita, and coppiced willow, in selected agricultural holdings. This assessment was based on applied technologies for harvesting the biomass of the energy crops mentioned above. The scope of the study included research on ten farms located in Małopolska and establishing the possibility of biomass production from selected energy crops in these entities. Biomass production costs have been estimated using the computer application “Bioalkylation”. The result of the research was the answer to the question: what can be the cost range of biomass production from perennial energy crops for the crops Miscanthus giganteus, Sida hermaphrodita, and coppiced willow as the most popular plants? The study shows that production costs depend primarily on the harvesting technology used and the machinery used in the farm. The harvest with rotary mowers, small presses, and windrows was applied regarding Miscanthus giganteus and Sida hermaphrodita. The costs of biomass production were, on average, 424.7 EUR ha⁻¹ for Miscanthus giganteus and 278.9 EUR ha⁻¹ for Sida hermaphrodita. Concerning tonne, this was 37.6 EUR t⁻¹ for Miscanthus giganteus and 30.0 EUR t⁻¹ for Sida hermaphrodita, respectively. In the case of harvesting energy willow, in the form of whole shoots, inefficient and labour-intensive technologies using chainsaws and combustion cutters were applied. The biomass production costs were thus the highest among the assessed plants and amounted, on average, to 612.1 EUR ha⁻¹, which in terms of tonne corresponded to a value of 30.6 EUR. The obtained results and the analysis presented in the paper may help in planning the cultivation of perennial energy crops in order to obtain biomass used for heating purposes on a farm.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences have caused several repercussions in various spheres, including real estate management and spatial policy. In Poland, public authorities (the government) was triggered to develop the so-called "Anti-Crisis Shields", a legal act introducing transitional solutions to various spheres of life. Some provisions also covered the sphere related to spatial policy. Consequently, new dilemmas have arisen regarding the way of applying spatial policy tools in the new situation. The article aims to isolate and evaluate new conditions and dilemmas related to spatial policy tools in the Polish spatial management system. After a brief description of Poland's spatial management system and its main problems, attention was paid to: (1) the emerging dilemma of what is more important in the conditions of a pandemic: the speed of planning processes or protection of critical values in the spatial management system; (2) new directions of activities related to the use of spatial policy tools, especially in the context of ensuring social distance and more comprehensive health protection; and (3) new conditions for public participation. Based on the analysis, a new direction of spatial policy changes caused by the pandemic crisis was proposed. The investigation covers a new problem of public authorities' inefficiency during a pandemic. From this perspective, we evaluated the spatial planning legislation introduced during the COVID-19 in detail.