The dynamic ice load of conical offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in cold regions is unclear. The ice force period is the key parameter used to establish an ice force model for conical structures. To obtain ice load data, a field monitoring system was installed on an OWT in a cold region in China. Based on the monitoring data, a new formula for calculating the ice force period of conical structures was established. By comparing the period calculated with this formula and the measured ice force period, it was found that the calculated data generally agreed with the measured data. Then, a random dynamic ice force model for conical OWTs can be established. Based on this ice force model, the ice-induced vibration of an OWT was analyzed with the ANSYS finite element software. The results are in good agreement with the measured data obtained from the OWT in the time and frequency domains. Therefore, the random dynamic ice force model established in this paper can be used to evaluate the ice resistance performance of conical OWTs in cold regions.

Bohai is a typical marginal oil field in an ice region, where most of the oil and gas platforms are economical. Sea ice is the main factor that affects the safety of oil and gas platforms in Bohai. Due to the complexity of the ice load and ice-induced vibrations, there are large security risks when developing Bohai oil and gas in the winter. It is difficult to ensure the safe production of oil and gas in winter using existing sea ice disaster warning technologies. Based on winter oil and gas production in the Bohai Sea’s Liaodong Bay, a set of suitable sea ice management systems is proposed in this paper. These systems integrate sea ice monitoring, risk assessment and risk prediction technologies. Based on the risk warning system, an ice management model of a Bohai ice platform has been put into practice, which ensures the safe production of the platform in winter.

In recent years, the Arctic region, with its abundant oil and gas resources, has become a new focus of global resource development. However, the complex natural environment, especially the effect of sea ice, poses a serious threat and challenge to the navigation safety. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the navigation risks of drilling ships in five sea areas of the Northeast Passage of the Arctic under the influence of environmental factors. A dynamic Bayesian network structure was established using the Interpretative Structural Model–Bayesian network method. Since some risk elements cannot be directly measured, the combined weight method is adopted to fill the sample data. The navigation risk situations of the five sea areas is analyzed by forward causal reasoning. Through reverse diagnostic reasoning, the main risk factors affecting navigation are obtained, and relevant suggestions are given. This has important implications for improving the ability of accident prevention and emergency handling in practical applications. The model was verified through instance verification based on scenario analysis and model verification based on sample data. The average accuracy rate of the obtained model is 83.4%. The results show that the model has certain validity and practicability in the analysis of navigation risks in Arctic shipping routes.

This study investigates aerodynamic degradation and power loss mechanisms in iced wind turbine blades using a hybrid methodology integrating high-fidelity CFD simulations (ANSYS Fluent, FENSAP-ICE, STAR-CCM+ with SST k-ω turbulence model and shallow-water icing theory) with controlled wind tunnel experiments (10–15 m/s). Three ice accretion types, glaze, mixed, and rime, on NACA0012 airfoils are quantified. Glaze ice at the leading edge induces the most severe degradation, reducing lift by 34.9% and increasing drag by 97.2% at 10 m/s. STAR-CCM+ analyses reveal critical pressure anomalies and ice morphology-dependent flow separation patterns. These findings inform the optimization of anti-icing strategies for cold-climate wind farms.

The oil and natural gas resources of the Bohai Sea are mainly marginal oil fields, and there are currently a large number of structures that are approaching or have reached the end of their service life called aging structures. The interactions between ice and offshore structures could lead to significant ice-induced vibration. Ice-induced vibrations may evoke fatigue damage in tubular joints, which results in severe dangers for offshore platforms in the Bohai Sea. Dynamic ice force models and sea ice fatigue environmental parameters have not been well developed in the current design codes. It is not accurate to evaluate the fatigue damage of structures only with numerical simulation. In this paper, a faster method for evaluating fatigue damage on aging structures is proposed. Firstly, the approximate linear relationship between the fatigue hot spot stress and the vibration response of the deck structure has been discovered using dynamic analysis for jacket platform of Bohai Sea. Then, the procedure of the fatigue damage evaluation of the aging structures in the Bohai Sea is established. Finally, the numerical simulation of the structure is carried out considering ice thickness, ice velocity, ice direction, and action height of sea ice. Fatigue damage is calculated by the fatigue hot spot stress and the Palmgren–Miner rule. The measured data on the platform in the Bohai Sea are selected to obtain the fatigue hot spot stress using a mathematical model. The fatigue damage results considering the actual ice conditions of a jacket structure in the Bohai Sea are compared using the proposed method and finite element analysis. The comparison of the results verifies the rationality of the method proposed in this work.

Local ice pressure refers to the ice pressure exerted on a very small area of a structure during ice failure. The existence of high-pressure zones may lead to local deformation and damage to ice-resistant structures, posing a serious threat to the overall structural stability. This study simulates the interaction between sea ice and structures through model tests, analyzing the timing of extreme local ice pressures. The results show that at low loading speeds, there is a 50% probability that the extreme local ice pressure occurs at the peak of the global ice force, while at high loading speeds, this probability drops to around 25%. Further investigation into the relationship between the global ice force peak, ice thickness, loading speed, and local area with local ice pressure amplitude reveals that the local ice pressure amplitude decreases with increasing loading speed and increases with ice thickness. Based on the area averaging method for square regions, the relationship between local ice pressure amplitude and local area is studied, showing that ice thickness, local width, and loading speed all influence the pressure–area relationship. Based on the square area averaging method, the relationship between the local ice pressure amplitude and the local area was studied. It was found that a linear relationship exists between the power function coefficient of local ice pressure–area and the thickness-to-width ratio. Compared to brittle failure, the local ice pressure amplitude under ductile failure of the ice sheet is more significantly affected by ice thickness. This study provides a foundation and reference for the analysis of ice-resistant performance and structural design of polar marine engineering structures.