In this study, a comparison of measured cutting parameters is discussed while machining AISI 52100 low-alloy hardened steel under two different sustainable cutting environments, those in which a dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) medium are used. A two-level full factorial design method has been utilized to specify the effect of different experimental inputs on the turning trials. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of three basic defining parameters of turning operation which are namely cutting speed, cutting depth, feed rate effects and also the effects of the cutting environment. The trials were repeated for the combination of different cutting input parameters. The scanning electron microscopy imaging method was used to characterize the tool wear phenomenon. The macro-morphology of chips was analyzed to define the influence of cutting conditions. The optimum cutting condition for high-strength AISI 52100 bearing steel was obtained using the MQL medium. The results were evaluated with graphical representations and they indicated the superiority of the pulverized oil particles on tribological performance of the cutting process with application of the MQL system.

Using cutting fluids is considered in industrial applications and academia due to their increased influence over many aspects such as machinability, sustainability and manufacturing costs. This paper addresses the machinability perspective by examining indicators such as roughness, cutting temperature, tool wear and chip morphology during the milling of mold steel. A special type of steel is Nimaxm which is a difficult-to-cut material because of its high strength, toughness, hardness and wear resistance. Since mold steels have the reverse geometry of the components produced by this technology, their surface quality and dimensional accuracy are highly important. Therefore, two different strategies, i.e., dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), were chosen to conduct an in-depth analysis of the milling performance during cutting at different cutting speeds, feed rates and cutting depths. Without exception, MQL technology showed a better performance than the dry condition in obtaining better surface roughnesses under different cutting parameters. Despite that only a small improvement was achieved in terms of cutting temperature, MQL was found to be successful in protecting the cutting tool from excessive amounts of wear and chips. This paper is anticipated to be a guide for manufacturers and researchers in the area of mold steels by presenting an analysis of the capabilities of sustainable machining methods.

Machining of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel is considered to be difficult due to its structural aspects and low thermal conductivity, which leads to increased temperatures during machining. To overcome the challenges of machining AISI 304 stainless steel, several cooling and lubricating techniques have been developed. The main objective of this experimental study is to evaluate the different turning conditions of AISI304 stainless steel under dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) environment conditions. The machining experiments were conducted using a two-level full factorial design method and utilized a TiC-coated cutting tool. The tool-tip temperature, cutting force and surface roughness were analyzed regarding three cutting parameters namely, cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth. Also, chip macro-morphology was investigated to define the interaction at the tool-chip-workpiece region. The cutting medium affects the surface roughness significantly (more than 100%) for all cutting parameter values. In some environmental cutting conditions, high cutting speed provides 10% lesser surface roughness than low cutting speed parameters. Also, the cutting force decreases by 20% in low feed rate machining conditions. However, the effect of this parameter disappeared for cutting forces in high feed rates and low cutting depth conditions in both MQL and dry environments. Cutting speed was observed as the most influential factor on surface roughness, followed by feed rate. The depth of cut was the main parameter that caused the temperature to increase in the dry machining environment.

Today, wrought aluminium alloys are ranked among the most important materials with low specific density, strength features, corrosion resistance, machinability and recyclability properties in numerous application fields. Machining process of these alloys involves a number of considerations to ensure the highest quality and productivity. Key machinability issues include the rate of tool wear, workpiece surface finish and integrity and machining process sustainability. Understanding and optimising these parameters can lead to improving the machinability, better surface finish, longer tool life, and overall, more efficient and cost-effective machining processes for wrought aluminium alloys. The machining of wrought aluminium alloys remains a challenging task due to their unique characteristics, such as high strength, thermal conductivity and refined grain structures with mechanical and/or heat treatment. Although considerable progress has been made in the development of cutting tool materials and machining techniques for wrought aluminium alloys, further research is required to improve the machinability of these materials and reduce the associated costs and time needed for production. Having access to relevant information about these characteristics can help industries and researchers make informed decisions and achieve better outcomes when machining of these important materials. Accordingly, in the current research work, a comprehensive study has been carried out on machining of wrought aluminium from different points of view.

AISI 52100 malzemesi esas olarak rulman endüstrisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çelikler yüksek sertlik, mükemmel aşınma direnci ve boyutsal stabilite sunar. Daha yüksek mukavemet olması, özellikle otomotiv endüstrisinde rulman uygulamaları için uygun hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada AISI 52100 çeliğinin işlenebilirlik özellikleri iki farklı kesme hızı, ilerleme hızı ve talaş derinliğine göre kuru kesme koşullarında tornalama işlemine göre değerlendirilmiştir. İşlenebilirlik çıktı parametreleri ise kesme kuvveti, takım ucu sıcaklığı ve yüzey pürüzlülüğünü içermektedir. İşlenebilirlik deneyleri tam faktöriyel deneysel tasarım olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada TiC kaplı kesici takım kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, yüksek kesme hızlarında rulman çeliğinin işlenmesinde yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinde azalma tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, düşük ilerleme oranında işleme koşullarında kesme kuvveti değeri azalmıştır. Bu da daha düşük güç tüketimi ile işleme verimliliğini arttırmaktadır.. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerinde en etkili faktörün ilerleme miktarı olduğu, ardından talaş derinliğinin olduğu görülmüştür. Sıcaklık değerinin artmasında ise en etkili parametrenin talaş derinliği olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.