Carbon dioxide has gradually found widespread usage in the field of science and engineering while various efforts have focused on ways to combat the menace resulting from the release of this compound in the atmosphere. A major approach to combating this release is by storage in various geological formations ranging from depleted reservoir types such as saline aquifers to other carbon sinks. In this research study, we reviewed the experimental, modeling, and field studies related to the underground storage of CO₂. A considerable amount of research has been conducted in simulating and modeling CO₂ sequestration in the subsurface. This review highlights some of the latest contributions. Additionally, the impact of CO₂ sequestration on its surroundings due to chemical reactions, adsorption, capillarity, hysteresis, and wettability were reviewed. Some major challenges associated with CO₂ injection have also been highlighted. Finally, this work presents a brief history of selected field scale projects such as Sleipner, Weyburn, In Salah, Otway Basin, Snøhvit, Alberta, Boundary Dam, Cranfield, and Ketzin. Thus, this study provides a guide of the CO₂ storage process from the perspectives of experimental, modelling, and existing field studies.

Adsorption is a rock surface phenomenon and has increasingly become popular, especially in particle-transport applications across many fields. This has drawn a remarkable number of publications from the industry and academia in the last decade, with many review articles focused on adsorption of polymers, surfactants, gas, and nanoparticles in porous media with main applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). The discussions involved both experimental and modeling approaches to understanding and efficiently mimicking the particle transport in a bid to solve pertinent problems associated with particle retention on surfaces. The governing mechanisms of adsorption and desorption constitute an area under active research as many models have been proposed but the physics has not been fully honored. Thus, there is a need for continuous research effort in this field. Although adsorption/desorption process is a physical phenomenon and a reversible process resulting from inter-molecular and the intramolecular association between molecules and surfaces, modeling these phenomena requires molecular level understanding. For this reason, there is a wide acceptance of molecular simulation as a viable modeling tool among scientists in this area. This review focuses on existing knowledge of adsorption modeling as it relates to the petroleum industry cutting across flow through porous media and EOR mostly involving polymer and surfactant retention on reservoir rocks with the associated problems. The review also analyzes existing models to identify gaps in research and suggest some research directions to readers.