A protuberant issue of the present time is that, organizations from different domains are struggling to obtain effective solutions for detecting online-based fake news. It is quite thought-provoking to distinguish fake information on the internet as it is often written to deceive users. Compared with many machine learning techniques, deep learning-based techniques are capable of detecting fake news more accurately. Previous review papers were based on data mining and machine learning techniques, scarcely exploring the deep learning techniques for fake news detection. However, emerging deep learning-based approaches such as Attention, Generative Adversarial Networks, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations for Transformers are absent from previous surveys. This study attempts to investigate advanced and state-of-the-art fake news detection mechanisms pensively. We begin with highlighting the fake news consequences. Then, we proceed with the discussion on the dataset used in previous research and their NLP techniques. A comprehensive overview of deep learning-based techniques has been bestowed to organize representative methods into various categories. The prominent evaluation metrics in fake news detection are also discussed. Nevertheless, we suggest further recommendations to improve fake news detection mechanisms in future research directions.

Breast cancer is now the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, and its percentage is gradually increasing. Optimistically, there is a good chance of recovery from breast cancer if identified and treated at an early stage. Therefore, several researchers have established deep-learning-based automated methods for their efficiency and accuracy in predicting the growth of cancer cells utilizing medical imaging modalities. As of yet, few review studies on breast cancer diagnosis are available that summarize some existing studies. However, these studies were unable to address emerging architectures and modalities in breast cancer diagnosis. This review focuses on the evolving architectures of deep learning for breast cancer detection. In what follows, this survey presents existing deep-learning-based architectures, analyzes the strengths and limitations of the existing studies, examines the used datasets, and reviews image pre-processing techniques. Furthermore, a concrete review of diverse imaging modalities, performance metrics and results, challenges, and research directions for future researchers is presented.

Fake news detection techniques are a topic of interest due to the vast abundance of fake news data accessible via social media. The present fake news detection system performs satisfactorily on well-balanced data. However, when the dataset is biased, these models perform poorly. Additionally, manual labeling of fake news data is time-consuming, though we have enough fake news traversing the internet. Thus, we introduce a text augmentation technique with a Bidirectional Encoder Representation of Transformers (BERT) language model to generate an augmented dataset composed of synthetic fake data. The proposed approach overcomes the issue of minority class and performs the classification with the AugFake-BERT model (trained with an augmented dataset). The proposed strategy is evaluated with twelve different state-of-the-art models. The proposed model outperforms the existing models with an accuracy of 92.45%. Moreover, accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score performance metrics are utilized to evaluate the proposed strategy and demonstrate that a balanced dataset significantly affects classification performance.

False news articles pose a serious challenge in today’s information landscape, impacting public opinion and decision-making. Efforts to counter this issue have led to research in deep learning and machine learning methods. However, a gap exists in effectively using contextual cues and skip connections within models, limiting the development of comprehensive detection systems that harness contextual information and vital data propagation. Thus, we propose a model of deep learning, FakeStack, in order to identify bogus news accurately. The model combines the power of pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representation of Transformers (BERT) embeddings with a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) having skip convolution block and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The model has been trained and tested on English fake news dataset, and various performance metrics were employed to assess its effectiveness. The results showcase the exceptional performance of FakeStack, achieving an accuracy of 99.74%, precision of 99.67%, recall of 99.80%, and F1-score of 99.74%. Our model’s performance was extended to two additional datasets. For the LIAR dataset, our accuracy reached 75.58%, while the WELFake dataset showcased an impressive accuracy of 98.25%. Comparative analysis with other baseline models, including CNN, BERT-CNN, and BERT-LSTM, further highlights the superiority of FakeStack, surpassing all models evaluated. This study underscores the potential of advanced techniques in combating the spread of false news and ensuring the dissemination of reliable information.

The online recommendation system has benefited the traditional restaurant business economically. However, finding the best restaurant during rush time and visiting new places is tough. This objective is addressed through a restaurant recommendation approach, which impacts the human decision‐making method. With the help of collaborative filtering, some user‐based recommendation systems were designed to generate the best recommendation based on user choices. Thus, a user preferences‐based method is presented using A Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and Simple Recurrent Unit to suggest restaurants based on user preferences. Here, a publicly available dataset from Kaggle called Kzomato is used with 9552 samples and 21 features. And the system obtained an F1‐score, precision, and recall of 86%, which will save time and provide the best recommendation based on user preferences easily.