Background: Cancer is caused by a combination of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Current cancer therapies are limited due to the complexity of their mechanism, underlining the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, combining the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) system with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to speed up the identification, validation, and targeting of high-value targets. Main text: Personalized or precision medicine combines genetic information with phenotypic and environmental characteristics to produce healthcare tailored to the individual and eliminates the constraints of “one-size-fits-all” therapy. Precision medicine is now possible thanks to cancer genome sequencing. Having advantages over limited sample requirements and the recent development of biomarkers have made the use of NGS a major leap in personalized medicine. Tumor and cell-free DNA profiling using NGS, proteome and RNA analyses, and a better understanding of immunological systems, are all helping to improve cancer treatment choices. Finally, direct targeting of tumor genes in cancer cells with CRISPR/Cas9 may be achievable, allowing for eliminating genetic changes that lead to tumor growth and metastatic capability. Conclusion: With NGS and CRISPR/Cas9, the goal is no longer to match the treatment for the diagnosed tumor but rather to build a treatment method that fits the tumor exactly. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the potential role of CRISPR/Cas9 and NGS in advancing personalized medicine.

Recent breakthroughs in the field of nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery methods have changed the standpoint of cancer therapy by effectively delaying the process of disease development. Nanoparticles have a unique capacity of good penetrating ability than other therapeutic leads used in traditional therapeutics, and also, they have the highest impact on disease management. In the current study isolongifolene-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles have been formulated, synthesized and then characterized by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Further, the characterized chitosan nano formulation was evaluated for hemocompatibility, plasma stability, and in-vitro release. Isolongifolene-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were found to be compatible with plasma and also, they exhibited a constant release pattern. Hence, chitosan-loaded nanoparticles could be employed as an excellent adjuvant in cancer therapeutic, to combat the multi-drug resistance in solid tumors.

Marine wastes pose a great threat to the ecosystem leading to severe environmental hazards and health issues particularly the shellfish wastes. The shellfish waste which contains half of the amount of chitin can be efficiently transformed into useful products. Various approaches for the hydrolysis of chitin like physical, chemical, and enzymatic processes are there. Still, the use of enzyme chitinase is well documented as an effective and eco-friendly method. The present study summarizes the isolation of chitinase enzyme producing bacteria from different shrimp waste disposal sites in Parangipettai (India), and the possible use of an enzyme hydrolyzate as an immunostimulant to Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). The potential chitinase-producing bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. After purification, the chitinase specific activity was 5.01 (U/ml) and the protein content was 72 mg and the recovery rate was 48.06%. The optimum pH and temperature for the chitinolytic activity were 6.5 and at 35–50 °C, respectively. The animal experiment trial was done with our feed supplements which included 0.0 (control), 0.5%, 1% and 2% of chitin degraded product. All the supplementary feed had an optimal 42% (w/w) of crude protein. The feed protein level was 41–43% on average and gross energy was 13–17 kcal/g and the feed was observed to exhibit a significantly higher (p < 0.05) survival rate, condition factor, specific growth rates, and body weight gain was also found to be promising compared to other fishes fed with control diet only. The red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were found to increase significantly after being challenged with infection in animals fed with chitin derivatives from 1st week to 3rd week when compared to the control. The hematocrit (Hct) values were low on the 2nd and 3rd week in infected fish fed with chitin derivatives. This low level was due to infection lyses of the red blood cells and increased nitro blue tetrazolium reduction. The control diet-fed fish showed 70% mortality but the chitin derivative supplemented fishes showed only 20% mortality post-infection. The results of the study encompass that the use of chitin-derivate enriched feed further is taken into large-scale approaches thereby benefitting the aquaculture sector.

A simple and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of derivatives 7, 7-dimethyl-4-phenyl-2-thioxo-2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-1H-quinazoline-5-one from 5, 5-dimethyl cyclohexane-1, 3-dione (4a–4h) (dimedone) has been described. The aryl aldehydes were substituted with thiourea in the presence of synthesized zinc ferrite nanocatalyst, which increased the yield under reflux through condensation, followed by cyclization to give desired products. The other advantages are that it is eco-friendly and economically affordable for large-scale production. Structural validation and characterization of all the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated by spectral analysis (mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹HNMR), and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance(¹³CNMR)spectroscopies. The structure of antibacterial and antifungal assays was performed with the newly synthesized compounds. The antimicrobial activity of title compounds possessing electron-withdrawing groups such as (4e–4h) (Cl, Br, and cyano group) exhibited more active potential than the electron-donating groups, C₆H₅,4-C₆H₄, 3-OC₂H₅-4OH-C₆H₃, etc., (4a–4d) containing moiety.

This study focused on the development of starch-based nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with linolenyl alcohol derived from ethanolic extracts of Cayratia trifolia to enhance wound healing. Electrospun nanofibers were fabricated by blending different concentrations of linolenyl alcohol (10, 20, and 40% v/v) with starch solutions. The resulting nanofibers were characterized for their morphology, size distribution, thermal stability, FT-IR spectra, and wound healing properties. The nanofibers loaded with linolenyl alcohol exhibited diameters ranging from 73 to 95 nm. Further, these nanofibers displayed improved thermal stability compared to free linolenyl alcohol. FT-IR analysis confirmed the interaction between starch and linolenyl alcohol. When 40% linolenyl alcohol-loaded nanofibers were applied, HaCat cells exhibited increased viability. Western blot analysis revealed elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) expression, suggesting that the developed nanofibers have the potential to promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, thus facilitating wound healing. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that electrospun starch-based nanofibrous scaffolds incorporating linolenyl alcohol can effectively accelerate wound healing by activating VEGF and PDGF signaling pathways.

Cayratia trifolia, a plant rich in bioactive compounds, has been known for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity. In this study, we focus on linolenyl alcohol, a compound isolated from Cayratia trifolia, and investigate its antioxidant potential through in vitro analysis. Linolenyl alcohol was extracted from Cayratia trifolia leaves using standard extraction techniques and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activity of linolenyl alcohol was evaluated using well-established antioxidant assays. The results explored significant antioxidant activity of linolenyl alcohol, with dose-dependent scavenging of free radicals observed in all assays. Overall, our findings highlight the antioxidant potential of linolenyl alcohol from Cayratia trifolia, suggesting its utility as a natural antioxidant agent in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further investigations are warranted to explore its therapeutic benefits and potential clinical applications.