Currently, the amount of Internet of Things (IoT) applications is enhanced for processing, analyzing, and managing the created big data from the smart city. Certain other applications of smart cities were location-based services, transportation management, and urban design, amongst others. There are several challenges under these applications containing privacy, data security, mining, and visualization. The blockchain-assisted IoT application (BIoT) is offering new urban computing to secure smart cities. The blockchain is a secure and transparent data-sharing decentralized platform, so BIoT is suggested as the optimum solution to the aforementioned challenges. In this view, this study develops an Optimal Machine Learning-based Intrusion Detection System for Privacy Preserving BIoT with Smart Cities Environment, called OMLIDS-PBIoT technique. The presented OMLIDS-PBIoT technique exploits BC and ML techniques to accomplish security in the smart city environment. For attaining this, the presented OMLIDS-PBIoT technique employs data pre-processing in the initial stage to transform the data into a compatible format. Moreover, a golden eagle optimization (GEO)-based feature selection (FS) model is designed to derive useful feature subsets. In addition, a heap-based optimizer (HBO) with random vector functional link network (RVFL) model was utilized for intrusion classification. Additionally, blockchain technology is exploited for secure data transmission in the IoT-enabled smart city environment. The performance validation of the OMLIDS-PBIoT technique is carried out using benchmark datasets, and the outcomes are inspected under numerous factors. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the OMLIDS-PBIoT technique over recent approaches.

Recently, Telehealth connects patients to vital healthcare services via remote monitoring, wireless communications, videoconferencing, and electronic consults. By increasing access to specialists and physicians, telehealth assists in ensuring patients receive the proper care at the right time and right place. Teleophthalmology is a study of telemedicine that provides services for eye care using digital medical equipment and telecommunication technologies. Multimedia computing with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for telehealth has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our society, but several technical challenges should be resolved before this potential can be realized. Advances in artificial intelligence methods and tools reduce waste and wait times, provide service efficiency and better insights, and increase speed, the level of accuracy, and productivity in medicine and telehealth. Therefore, this study develops an XAI-enabled teleophthalmology for diabetic retinopathy grading and classification (XAITO-DRGC) model. The proposed XAITO-DRGC model utilizes OphthoAI IoMT headsets to enable remote monitoring of diabetic retinopathy (DR) disease. To accomplish this, the XAITO-DRGC model applies median filtering (MF) and contrast enhancement as a pre-processing step. In addition, the XAITO-DRGC model applies U-Net-based image segmentation and SqueezeNet-based feature extractor. Moreover, Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) with a bidirectional gated recurrent convolutional unit (BGRCU) is exploited for DR detection and classification. The experimental validation of the XAITO-DRGC method can be tested using a benchmark dataset and the outcomes are assessed under distinct prospects. Extensive comparison studies stated the enhancements of the XAITO-DRGC model over recent approaches.

As cyberattacks develop in volume and complexity, machine learning (ML) was extremely implemented for managing several cybersecurity attacks and malicious performance. The cyber-physical systems (CPSs) combined the calculation with physical procedures. An embedded computer and network monitor and control the physical procedure, commonly with feedback loops whereas physical procedures affect calculations and conversely, at the same time, ML approaches were vulnerable to data pollution attacks. Improving network security and attaining robustness of ML determined network schemes were the critical problems of the growth of CPS. This study develops a new Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm with Deep Learning Driven Intrusion Detection system (SFSA-DLIDS) for a cloud-based CPS environment. The presented SFSA-DLIDS technique majorly focuses on the recognition and classification of intrusions for accomplishing security from the CPS environment. The presented SFSA-DLIDS approach primarily performs a min-max data normalization approach to convert the input data to a compatible format. In order to reduce a curse of dimensionality, the SFSA technique is applied to select a subset of features. Furthermore, chicken swarm optimization (CSO) with deep stacked auto encoder (DSAE) technique was utilized for the identification and classification of intrusions. The design of a CSO algorithm majorly focuses on the parameter optimization of the DSAE model and thereby enhances the classifier results. The experimental validation of the SFSA-DLIDS model is tested using a series of experiments. The experimental results depict the promising performance of the SFSA-DLIDS model over the recent models.

Over the last few years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), also called drones, have attracted considerable interest in the academic field and exploration in the research field of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Furthermore, the application of drones aided operations related to the agriculture industry, smart Internet of things (IoT), and military support. Now, the usage of drone-based IoT, also called Internet of drones (IoD), and their techniques and design challenges are being investigated by researchers globally. Clustering and routing aid to maximize the throughput, reducing routing, and overhead, and making the network more scalable. Since the cluster network used in a UAV adopts an open transmission method, it exposes a large surface to adversaries that pose considerable network security problems to drone technology. This study develops a new dwarf mongoose optimization-based secure clustering with a multi-hop routing scheme (DMOSC-MHRS) in the IoD environment. The goal of the DMOSC-MHRS technique involves the selection of cluster heads (CH) and optimal routes to a destination. In the presented DMOSC-MHRS technique, a new DMOSC technique is utilized to choose CHs and create clusters. A fitness function involving trust as a major factor is included to accomplish security. Besides, the DMOSC-MHRS technique designs a wild horse optimization-based multi-hop routing (WHOMHR) scheme for the optimal route selection process. To demonstrate the enhanced performance of the DMOSC-MHRS model, a comprehensive experimental assessment is made. An extensive comparison study demonstrates the better performance of the DMOSC-MHRS model over other approaches.

Breast cancer is the second most dominant kind of cancer among women. Breast Ultrasound images (BUI) are commonly employed for the detection and classification of abnormalities that exist in the breast. The ultrasound images are necessary to develop artificial intelligence (AI) enabled diagnostic support technologies. For improving the detection performance, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) models are useful for breast cancer detection and classification. The current advancement of the deep learning (DL) model enables the detection and classification of breast cancer with the use of biomedical images. With this motivation, this article presents an Aquila Optimizer with Bayesian Neural Network for Breast Cancer Detection (AOBNN-BDNN) model on BUI. The presented AOBNN-BDNN model follows a series of processes to detect and classify breast cancer on BUI. To accomplish this, the AOBNN-BDNN model initially employs Wiener filtering (WF) related noise removal and U-Net segmentation as a pre-processing step. Besides, the SqueezeNet model derives a collection of feature vectors from the pre-processed image. Next, the BNN algorithm will be utilized to allocate appropriate class labels to the input images. Finally, the AO technique was exploited to fine-tune the parameters related to the BNN method so that the classification performance is improved. To validate the enhanced performance of the AOBNN-BDNN method, a wide experimental study is executed on benchmark datasets. A wide-ranging experimental analysis specified the enhancements of the AOBNN-BDNN method in recent techniques.