We assessed the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among middle-aged and older adults in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 259 subjects aged 40–80 years completed two FFQs (nine-month apart) and nine 24 h dietary recalls (24HDRs, as a reference method). The reproducibility of the FFQ was analyzed using correlation coefficient, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa statistics and misclassification analysis. The validity was estimated by comparing the data acquired from FFQ1 and 24HDRs. The crude Pearson’s correlation coefficients and ICC for total energy and nutrients between FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from 0.50 to 0.81 and 0.44 to 0.78, respectively. Energy adjustment decreased the correlation coefficients for most nutrients. The crude, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients for FFQ1 and 24HDRs ranged from 0.41 to 0.70, 0.31 to 0.89 and 0.54 to 0.82, respectively. The agreement rates for the same or adjacent quartile classifications were 81.1–94.6% for two FFQs and 80.7–89.6% for FFQ1 and 24HDRs. The weighted kappa values were 0.21 to 0.42 for two FFQs and 0.20 to 0.34 for FFQ1 and 24HDRs. A positive mean difference was found in the Bland–Altman analyses for energy and macronutrients. The FFQ could be acceptable for nutritional epidemiology study among Indonesians.

UNICEF reported that in 2014 as many as 2/3 of the number of children aged less than five years in low income countries experienced stunting. Stunting is a predictor of the poor quality of human resources and decreasing the productivity of mation in the future. This literature review aims to analyse sociodemographic determinants of the incidence of stunting in children in various developing countries. The design of this study is a literature review with a systematic review method. Articles are traced using several search enginse. The Google Database is the main source in this literature review. The inclusion criteria of the selected articles include: 1) journal/scientific report, 2) presentation in English, 3) Published last 10 years (2008 – 2018), 4) articles using research subject are children <60 months old, and, 5) articles with design correlation research There was a positive relationship between recidence and the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,05; p<0,01; p<0,0001). There is a negative relationships between family economic status and the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,001; p<0,001), the education level of mothers with the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,01; p<0,01; p<0,01; and p<0,01), father’s education level with the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001 dan p<0,01). There is a relationship between birth order of children, living with grandmother and polygamy with the incidence of stunting (p<0,01; p<0,01, p<0,001). Socio demographic determinants of stunting events include: 1. residence (rural/urban), 2. Family economic status, 3. Parental education, and 4. Contact with other culture , including the birth order, living with grandparents and polygamy. Keywords: determinant; socio demographic; under five years; stunting; developing countries Abstrak UNICEF melaporkan sebanyak 2/3 dari jumlah anak usia kurang dari 5 tahun di negara berpenghasilan menengah ke bawah mengalami stunting pada tahun 2014. Stunting merupakan prediktor buruknya kualitas sumber daya manusia dan menurunkan produktivitas suatu bangsa di masa yang akan datang. Literatur Review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan sosio-demografi kejadian stunting pada balita di berbagai negara berkembang. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan metode sistematik review. Artikel-artikel ditelusuri menggunakan beberapa search engine. Database google menjadi sumber utama dalam literature review ini. Kriteria inklusi dari artikel yang dipilih antara lain : 1) jurnal/laporan ilmiah, 2) Disajikan dalam bahasa inggris, 3) Terbit 10 tahun terakhir (tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2018), 4) Artikel menggunakan subjek penelitian adalah anak usia <60 bulan, dan 5) Artikel dengan desain correlation research. Ada hubungan positif tempat tinggal dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,05; p<0,01; p<0,0001). Ada hubungan negatif status ekonomi keluarga dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,001; p<0,001), tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,01; p<0,01; p<0,01; dan p<0,01), dan tingkat pendidikan ayah dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001 dan p<0,01). Ada hubungan urutan kelahiran anak, tinggal bersama nenek, dan poligami dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,01; p<0,01, dan p<0,001). Determinan sosio demografi kejadian stunting meliputi: 1. Tempat tinggal (rural/urban), 2. Status ekonomi keluarga, 3. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua (ayah dan ibu), dan 4. Kontak dengan budaya lain, meliputi urutan kelahiran anak, tinggal bersama kakek/nenek, dan adanya poligami. Kata kunci: determinan; sosio demografi; balita; stunting; negara berkembang

Demak is an area in Indonesia with a high stunting rate of 50.28%. Mangrove fruit, a major regional commodity, should be used as a basis for Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP) cookies to overcome stunting in Demak. This study was aimed to analyse the nutritional content, nutrition absorption inhibiting agents, and acceptance of mangrove fruit cookies. This research used a completely randomized sample with a one-factor design to formulate mangrove and soybean flour. The formulations used were F1 (60%: 40%), F2 (70%: 30%), F3 (80%: 20%), and F0 (100% wheat flour) as the control group. The best formula of mangrove and soybean cookies was F2 with average energy 479.44 kcal/100 g, protein 11.70 g/100 g, fat 23.93 g/100 g, carbohydrate 54.31 g/100 g, zinc 2.68 mg/100 g, iron 6.72 mg/100 g, calcium 659.03 mg/100 g, HCN 1.77 ppm, and tannin 101.9 mg/100 g. The best cookie formulation that met the SFP quality requirements was F2, with a composition of 70% mangrove fruit flour and 30% soy flour.

Background: The label on the food packaging contains the content, type, nutrients information, expiration date and other important informations. Reading food labels will affect the consumer in selecting the food products in the market. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward compliance with reading food labels in college students.Methods: This study was designed using a cross-sectional survey. The consecutive sampling method is used in selecting the subject. Research data was obtained by sending research questionnaires to 106 Diponegoro University students and conducted between May and June 2022. The research data was obtained using a questionnaire that included questions about demographic characteristics, level of knowledge about nutrition and food labels, attitudes towards food labels, and level of adherence to reading food labels. Data then analyzed by a bivariate correlation test using Spearman's rank correlation.Result: There is a significant correlation between knowledge about nutrition labels and attitudes towards food labels (p=0.019), as well as attitudes towards food labels and reading food labels compliance (p<0.001). There is no significant correlation between knowledge and compliance to reading food labels (p=0.26). Reading food labels compliance is influenced by attitudes, age of respondents, and expenditure on food.Conclusion: Reading food labels compliance relates with attitudes, respondent’s age, and expenditure on food. Knowledge about nutrition label relates with the attitudes towards food labels.Keywords: food label, knowledge, attitude, compliance ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Label pangan berisi tentang informasi mengenai komposisi, nilai zat gizi, jenis, tanggal kadaluarsa dan keterangan penting lainnya. Kebiasaan membaca label pangan akan mempengaruhi keputusan seseorang dalam membeli makanan yang akan dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terkait label pangan dengan kepatuhan mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro dalam membaca label pangan.Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah subjek 106 mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro, berlangsung pada bulan Mei-Juni 2022. Metode pengambilan subjek dengan consecutive sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang meliputi pertanyaan mengenai karakteristik demografis, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap terhadap label pangan, dan kepatuhan membaca label pangan. Analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi spearman.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang label pangan dengan sikap terhadap label pangan (p=0,019), serta sikap terhadap label pangan dan kepatuhan membaca label pangan (p<0.001). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang label pangan dan kepatuhan membaca label pangan (p=0,26). Kepatuhan membaca label pangan dipengaruhi oleh sikap, usia responden, dan pengeluaran untuk pangan.Simpulan: Kepatuhan membaca label pangan berhubungan dengan sikap, usia responden, dan pengeluaran untuk pangan. Pengetahuan tentang label pangan berhubungan dengan sikap terhadap label pangan.Kata kunci : pengetahuan, sikap, kepatuhan, label pangan

Latar Belakang: Mahasiswa merupakan kelompok usia dewasa awal yang memiliki aktivitas padat. Aktifitas yang padat dapat mempengaruhi waktu dan kualitas tidur, tingkat stress, kebiasaan makan di malam hari, dan preferensi makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan durasi tidur, kualitas tidur, faktor stress, Night Eating Syndrome (NES), dan preferensi makan mahasiswa.Metode: Penelitian di Kota Semarang ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 105 orang mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diambil adalah data durasi tidur, kualitas tidur, faktor stress, Night Eating Syndrome, dan preferensi makan. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi Night Eating Diagnostic Syndrome, Food Preference for Adolescents and Adults, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index dan Depression, dan Anxiety and Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat (distribusi frekuensi), bivariat (uji korelasi), dan multivariat (multiple logistic regression).Hasil: Sebagian besar subjek penelitian memiliki preferensi terhadap makanan tinggi energi, karbohidrat, lemak, dan natrium (81,9%; 77,1%; 69,5%; 86,7%). Sebagian besar subjek penelitian tidak memiliki preferensi terhadap makanan tinggi protein dan serat (68,6% dan 74,3%). Preferensi terhadap makanan tinggi karbohidrat diprediksi oleh IMT (p=0,004;OR=4,400), preferensi makanan tinggi lemak diprediksi oleh durasi tidur (p=0,045;OR=0,276) dan NES (p=0,009;OR=3,478), preferensi terhadap makanan tinggi serat diprediksi oleh durasi tidur (p=0,001;OR=0,090) dan kualitas tidur (p=0,004;OR=9,463), sedangkan preferensi tinggi natrium diprediksi oleh jenis kelamin (p=0,016; OR=8,613) dan NES (p=0,041; OR=0,201). Faktor stres tidak berhubungan dengan preferensi makanan tinggi energi, karbohidrat, lemak, protein, serat, dan natrium.Simpulan: Durasi tidur dan kualitas tidur berhubungan dengan preferensi makan mahasiswa, tetapi faktor stres tidak berhubungan dengan preferensi makan mahasiswa. Jenis kelamin, IMT, dan NES juga merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan preferensi makan mahasiswa.Kata Kunci: durasi tidur; kualitas tidur; NES; preferensi makanan ABSTRACT Title: Correlation between Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, Stress Factor, and Night Eating Syndrome, With Food Preferences of Universitas Diponegoro College StudentsBackground: Students are an early adult age group that has a dense activity. Dense activity can affect on sleep time and quality, stress levels, night eating behavior, and food preferences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, stress factors, Night Eating Syndrome (NES), and student eating preferences.Methods: This study was located in Semarang City. This study used a cross-sectional design with a total of 105 students from Diponegoro University as a subject. The sample was selected by purposive sampling technique. The data collected were sleep duration, sleep quality, stress factors, Night Eating Syndrome, and eating preferences. The instruments used include the Night Eating Diagnostic Syndrome, Food Preference for Adolescents and Adults, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Depression, and the Anxiety and Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). Data analysis includes univariate (frequency distribution), bivariate (correlation test), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analysis.Results: Most of them prefer foods high in energy, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium (81.9%; 77.1%; 69.5%; 86.7%). Most of the research subjects did not prefer foods high in protein and fiber (68.6% and 74.3%). Preference for high-carbohydrate food predicted by BMI (p=0.004; OR=4,400), preference for high-fat food predicted by sleep duration (p=0.045;OR=0.276) and NES (p=0.009;OR=3.478), preference for food high fiber predicted by sleep duration (p=0.001;OR=0.090) and sleep quality (p=0.004;OR=9.463), while high sodium preference predicted by gender (p=0.016; OR=8.613) and NES (p= 0.041; OR = 0.201). Stress factors were not correlated with food preferences high in energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, fiber, and sodium.Conclusion: Sleep duration and sleep quality are related to students eating preferences, but stress factors were not related to students' eating preferences. Gender, BMI, and NES are also related to students eating preferences.Keywords: sleep duration; sleep quality; NES; food preferences

Latar Belakang: Pola pemberian MPASI berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan bayi dan anak. Pemberian MPASI yang tidak tepat akan menyebabkan berat badan kurang pada bayi.Tujuan : Untuk menganalisis perbedaan pola pemberian MPASI antara bayi berat badan kurang dengan berat badan normal usia 6 – 12 bulan. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan di Kota Semarang. Subjek terdiri dari 28 subjek berat badan kurang dan 28 subjek berat badan normal yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu pola pemberian MPASI, tingkat kecukupan zat gizi, dan status gizi BB/U. Data karakterisik subjek dan pola pemberian MPASI meliputi waktu pemberian MPASI pertama, riwayat ASI eksklusif, riwayat ASI saat ini, jenis, frekuensi, porsi pemberian MPASI, dan responsive feeding didapatkan dari wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data tingkat kecukupan zat gizi didapatkan dari kuesioner food recall 3x24 jam. Berat badan kurang ditentukan dengan perhitungan Z-score BB/U -3 s/d <-2 SD, sedangkan berat badan normal ditentukan dengan Z-score BB/U -2 s/d +2 SD. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Independent T-Test dan Mann Whitney-Test. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan porsi pemberian MPASI, tingkat kecukupan energi, karbohidrat, dan lemak pada kelompok bayi berat badan kurang dan normal (p=0,001; p=0,013; p=0,036; p=0,021). Tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kecukupan protein, riwayat ASI eksklusif, riwayat ASI saat ini, waktu pemberian MPASI pertama, jenis, frekuensi pemberian MPASI, dan responsive feeding pada kelompok bayi berat badan kurang dan normal (p>0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan porsi MPASI, tingkat kecukupan energi, karbohidrat dan lemak antara bayi berat badan kurang dan berat badan normal usia 6-12 bulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan riwayat ASI eksklusif, riwayat ASI saat ini, waktu pemberian MPASI pertama, jenis, frekuensi pemberian MPASI, responsive feeding, dan tingkat kecukupan protein antara bayi berat badan kurang dan berat badan normal usia 6-12 bulan.