Nowadays, healthcare is the prime need of every human being in the world, and clinical datasets play an important role in developing an intelligent healthcare system for monitoring the health of people. Mostly, the real-world datasets are inherently class imbalanced, clinical datasets also suffer from this imbalance problem, and the imbalanced class distributions pose several issues in the training of classifiers. Consequently, classifiers suffer from low accuracy, precision, recall, and a high degree of misclassification, etc. We performed a brief literature review on the class imbalanced learning scenario. This study carries the empirical performance evaluation of six classifiers, namely Decision Tree, k-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic regression, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes, over five imbalanced clinical datasets, Breast Cancer Disease, Coronary Heart Disease, Indian Liver Patient, Pima Indians Diabetes Database, and Coronary Kidney Disease, with respect to seven different class balancing techniques, namely Undersampling, Random oversampling, SMOTE, ADASYN, SVM-SMOTE, SMOTEEN, and SMOTETOMEK. In addition to this, the appropriate explanations for the superiority of the classifiers as well as data-balancing techniques are also explored. Furthermore, we discuss the possible recommendations on how to tackle the class imbalanced datasets while training the different supervised machine learning methods. Result analysis demonstrates that SMOTEEN balancing method often performed better over all the other six data-balancing techniques with all six classifiers and for all five clinical datasets. Except for SMOTEEN, all other six balancing techniques almost had equal performance but moderately lesser performance than SMOTEEN.

A new distributed environment at less financial expenditure on communication over the Internet is presented by cloud computing. In recent times, the increased number of users has made network traffic monitoring a difficult task. Although traffic monitoring and security problems are rising in parallel, there is a need to develop a new system for providing security and reducing network traffic. A new method, iReTADS, is proposed to reduce the network traffic using a data summarization technique and also provide network security through an effective real-time neural network. Although data summarization plays a significant role in data mining, still no real methods are present to assist the summary evaluation. Thus, it is a serious endeavor to present four metrics for data summarization with temporal features such as conciseness, information loss, interestingness, and intelligibility. In addition, a new metric time is also introduced for effective data summarization. Finally, a new neural network known as Modified Synergetic Neural Network (MSNN) on summarized datasets for detecting the real-time anomaly-behaved nodes in network and cloud is introduced. Experimental results reveal that the iReTADS can effectively monitor traffic and detect anomalies. It may further drive studies on controlling the outbreaks and controlling pandemics while studying medical datasets, which results in smart healthy cities.

With the emergence of social media platforms, most people have changed their way of interacting. Perhaps, sharing day-to-day lifestyle updates is a trend substantially influenced by microblogging sites, specifically Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and many more. Moreover, text and messages are the most preferred way for such interactions. Twitter is one of the most commonly used microblogging tools that enable people to express their thoughts, opinions, emotions, happiness, sadness, excitement, ideas, mental stress, and so on. Hence, the sentiment prediction furnished by such textual data becomes a complex and challenging task. In this research, the authors proposed a hybridization of the convolutional neural network and bi-directional long short-term memory model (named ConvBidirectional-LSTM), which aims to better the categorization of sentiments of text data. Then, this proposed hybrid ConvBidirectional-LSTM model is compared with the existing state-of-the-art models, GloVe-based CNN-LSTM and Hierarchical Bi-LSTM (HeBiLSTM) models. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed hybrid ConvBidirectional-LSTM model is evaluated on the US airline dataset using various performance parameters like accuracy, precision, recall, and $f_1$ score. The proposed model outperformed the existing state-of-the-art models with an accuracy rate of 93.25% in sentiment prediction.