Older adults are vulnerable towards cognitive frailty that can lead to adverse health outcomes and telerehabilitation appears to be a potential platform to reverse cognitive frailty among older adults. The aim of this coping review is to identify the usage of telerehabilitation and its common platform of delivery among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or cognitive frailty (CF). Articles published from January 2015 until October 2020 were selected. Out of the 1738 articles retrieved, six studies were identified. Two articles were randomized controlled trials, one was a pilot study and three were qualitative studies. The outcome suggests that telerehabilitation may improve the quality of life among participants as well as it can be a useful and supportive digital platform for health care. Some types of technologies commonly used were smartphones or telephones with internet, television-based assistive integrated technology, mobile application and videoconference. Telerehabilitation utilization in managing cognitive frailty among older adults is still limited and more research is required to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability. Although telerehabilitation appears to be implemented among older adults with MCI and CF, some social support is still required to improve the adherence and effectiveness of telerehabilitation. Future research should focus on the evaluation of acceptance and participants’ existing knowledge towards telerehabilitation to achieve its target.

Objective: The research aimed to study digital divide by determining the usage of digital technology among older adults with cognitive frailty (CF) in Malaysia. Methods: The dataset was obtained from the AGELESS trial screening phase conducted from October 2021 to March 2022, involving 476 community-dwelling Malaysian older adults (67.7 years old ± 6.1). Digital technology usage was assessed and CF was determined using Fried's criteria and Clinical Dementia Rating. A binary logistic regression was used to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with digital technology use among older adults with CF. Results: The findings suggest a digital divide between older adults with CF and robust in Malaysia. CF individuals (72.1%) were less likely to utilise digital technology, mainly smartphone than robust older adults (89.6%). More than 70% of older people owned social media on their smartphones, namely, WhatsApp. The most frequent online activities in both groups were family interaction and obtaining current news. CF older adults were less likely to play games on their smart devices. Usage of digital technology was more common among male, younger age, attained formal education more than 6 years, had a higher monthly household income, and robust participants. Conclusions: The usage of digital technology was inversely related to CF status. CF older adults were less likely to integrate digital technology into their daily living compared to robust even though they were familiar with it. The use of digital technology should be reinforced among female, advanced age, widowers/divorcees without formal education and those from lower- or middle-income statuses, and cognitively frail older people.

In the process of human child development, functional performance does not rely on the maturation of a single organ system, but requires the interaction of multiple subsystems. For example, speech ...

Background: Telehealth is an alternative platform in managing and delivering health care services to clients using information and communication technologies (ICT). Usage of digital technology among older adults is influenced by many internal and external factors. However, information related to the readiness of tehnology use in developing multi‐domain telehealth among community‐dwelling older adults was still lacking.Method: This study was part of the screening phase of an ongoing Ageless trial for developing multi‐domain telehealth intervention for CF older adults. This study included community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above with cognitive frailty assessed using Fried’s criteria. A questionnaire related to digital technology usage was administered to evaluate the need assessement of ICT literacy. Sampling method was purposive sampling. Data was analysed descriptively and using the Chi Square test.Result: At this preliminary stage, 170 older adults (68.5 year old ± 5.7) living in Kuala Lumpur city participated. Majority of the participants were females (60.6%), from Malay ethnic group (71.2%), married (60.6%), attained upper secondary education level (29.7%) and retired. About one‐third of participants were precognitively‐frail (30.4%) and prefrail (32.8%) and were able to access internet (26.7%) at their homes using smartphones (34.1%), followed by computers or laptops (3.0%) and tablets (2.7%). Older adults with CF used less digital technology and reduced playing games on their phone (4.4%). Therefore, the framework of multi‐domain telehealth intervention designed for older adults must include senior‐friendly specifications for motivating its use among them. Proper training and guidance may boost confidence of older people to use the telehealth. Components in multi‐domain telehealth have to provide more educational talks, assistance during session and design more friendly‐user.Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that older adults with cognitive frailty utilised less digital technology and preferred senior‐friendly and less complex digital technology. Promotion and expansion of the use digital technology among older adults with CF especially in rural area must be emphasized. Framework of multi‐domain telehealth intervention have to be refined in order to be suited among older adults, their cargivers and stakeholders.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the association between internet accessibility, health literacy and sociodemographic factors among older adults with cognitive frailty (CF) from lower socioeconomic status (LES) group.Method: This study was a part of the AGELESS trial’s screening phase, which was conducted from October 2021 till March 2022 for developing telehealth multi‐domain intervention. The data included were sociodemographic variables, internet access and health literacy index. About 282 community‐dwelling older people aged 60 years (mean age 68.65 ± 6.52) from lower socioeconomic status (LES) participated in this study. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify cognitive frailty using Fried’s Criteria and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) while health literacy was measured using Health Literacy Questionnaire HLS‐M‐18 (Health Literacy Index). Linear regression was performed to analyse the sociodemographic factors influencing health literacy.Result: In this study, we found that more participants who accessed to Internet compared to Internet non‐users, 68.1% and 31.9%, respectively. They significantly consisted of females (54.1%), married (56.8%), obtained secondary education level (61.1%) and still working (69.7%) (p<0.05). The majority of them (75.1%) utilised digital technology devices in their daily life for example smartphones (70%), computers or laptops (4.4%), followed by tablets (3.7%) which their primary functions were for family interaction and update online news, 67.8% and 31.3% respectively. In addition, Internet users among older adults with cognitive frailty from the LES group had a 3‐fold better health literacy than internet non‐users (OR 3.248, 95% CI: 1.059 – 5.436, p<0.05). Those who were married and higher education level were also the main factors influencing their health literacy in this target population (OR 2.314, 95% CI: 0.241 – 4.386, p<0.05; OR 0.494, 95% CI: 0.219 – 0.768, p<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings imply that Internet users among older people with CF from the LES group adopted the Internet mainly for family connection and update online news. Future research should emphasize the understanding of Internet adoption as a non‐pharmalogical intervention for cognitive frailty such as telehealth or mobile health (mHealth) using specific mechanisms for instance qualitative or mixed method design.