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Dr. Antonella Gori
Università degli Studi di Firenze, DAGRI

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0 polyphenols
0 Abiotic Stress Tolerance
0 Secondary metabolism
0 Plant biochemistry
0 plant physiology and ecophysiology

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Secondary metabolism

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Journal article
Published: 02 August 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Carotenoids and phenylpropanoids play a dual role of limiting and countering photooxidative stress. We hypothesize that their “antioxidant” function is prominent in plants exposed to summer drought, when climatic conditions exacerbate the light stress. To test this, we conducted a field study on Phillyrea latifolia, a Mediterranean evergreen shrub, carrying out daily physiological and biochemical analyses in spring and summer. We also investigated the functional role of the major phenylpropanoids in different leaf tissues. Summer leaves underwent the most severe drought stress concomitantly with a reduction in radiation use efficiency upon being exposed to intense photooxidative stress, particularly during the central hours of the day. In parallel, a significant daily variation in both carotenoids and phenylpropanoids was observed. Our data suggest that the morning-to-midday increase in zeaxanthin derived from the hydroxylation of ß-carotene to sustain non-photochemical quenching and limit lipid peroxidation in thylakoid membranes. We observed substantial spring-to-summer and morning-to-midday increases in quercetin and luteolin derivatives, mostly in the leaf mesophyll. These findings highlight their importance as antioxidants, countering the drought-induced photooxidative stress. We concluded that seasonal and daily changes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments may allow P. latifolia leaves to avoid irreversible photodamage and to cope successfully with the Mediterranean harsh climate.

ACS Style

Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Luana Dos Santos Nascimento; Giovanni Marino; Lucia Guidi; Francesco Ferrini; Mauro Centritto; Alessio Fini; Massimiliano Tattini. Photoprotective Role of Photosynthetic and Non-Photosynthetic Pigments in Phillyrea latifolia: Is Their “Antioxidant” Function Prominent in Leaves Exposed to Severe Summer Drought? International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 8303 .

AMA Style

Antonella Gori, Cecilia Brunetti, Luana Dos Santos Nascimento, Giovanni Marino, Lucia Guidi, Francesco Ferrini, Mauro Centritto, Alessio Fini, Massimiliano Tattini. Photoprotective Role of Photosynthetic and Non-Photosynthetic Pigments in Phillyrea latifolia: Is Their “Antioxidant” Function Prominent in Leaves Exposed to Severe Summer Drought? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (15):8303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Luana Dos Santos Nascimento; Giovanni Marino; Lucia Guidi; Francesco Ferrini; Mauro Centritto; Alessio Fini; Massimiliano Tattini. 2021. "Photoprotective Role of Photosynthetic and Non-Photosynthetic Pigments in Phillyrea latifolia: Is Their “Antioxidant” Function Prominent in Leaves Exposed to Severe Summer Drought?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15: 8303.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Metabolites
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Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) include many chemical compounds emitted by plants into the atmosphere. These compounds have a great effect on biosphere–atmosphere interactions and may affect the concentration of atmospheric pollutants, with further consequences on human health and forest ecosystems. Novel methods to measure and determine BVOCs in the atmosphere are of compelling importance considering the ongoing climate changes. In this study, we developed a fast and easy-to-handle analytical methodology to sample these compounds in field experiments using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers at the atmospheric level. An improvement of BVOCs adsorption from SPME fibers was obtained by coupling the fibers with fans to create a dynamic sampling system. This innovative technique was tested sampling Q. ilex BVOCs in field conditions in comparison with the conventional static SPME sampling technique. The results showed a great potential of this dynamic sampling system to collect BVOCs at the atmosphere level, improving the efficiency and sensitivity of SPME fibers. Indeed, our novel device was able to reduce the sampling time, increase the amount of BVOCs collected through the fibers and add information regarding the emissions of these compounds at the environmental level.

ACS Style

Dalila Pasquini; Antonella Gori; Francesco Ferrini; Cecilia Brunetti. An Improvement of SPME-Based Sampling Technique to Collect Volatile Organic Compounds from Quercus ilex at the Environmental Level. Metabolites 2021, 11, 388 .

AMA Style

Dalila Pasquini, Antonella Gori, Francesco Ferrini, Cecilia Brunetti. An Improvement of SPME-Based Sampling Technique to Collect Volatile Organic Compounds from Quercus ilex at the Environmental Level. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (6):388.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dalila Pasquini; Antonella Gori; Francesco Ferrini; Cecilia Brunetti. 2021. "An Improvement of SPME-Based Sampling Technique to Collect Volatile Organic Compounds from Quercus ilex at the Environmental Level." Metabolites 11, no. 6: 388.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in Plants
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The use of plant extracts in skin-care cosmetics is a modern trend due to their richness in polyphenols that act as anti-aging molecules. Hibiscus roseus is a perennial species naturalized in Italy, with beautiful soft pink flowers; its phenolic composition and biological activities have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the phenolics and to evaluate the antioxidant, sun protection factor (SPF), and anti-collagenase activities of the ethanolic extracts of H. roseus leaves (HL) and flowers (HF). p-Coumaric, chlorogenic, and trans-ferulic acids derivatives as well as quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids were the main phenolic compounds detected. Catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, tiliroside, oenin, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were detected only in HF, while phloridzin was exclusive from HL, which also showed greater amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HF was richer in flavonoids and total phenolics, also exhibiting greater antioxidant capacity. The SPF and anti-collagenase activity of both extracts were similar and comparable to those of synthetic standards. The overall results demonstrate that H. roseus extracts are promising sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that could be potentially applied as anti-aging agents in skin-care cosmetics.

ACS Style

Luana Dos Santos Nascimento; Antonella Gori; Andrea Raffaelli; Francesco Ferrini; Cecilia Brunetti. Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species. Plants 2021, 10, 522 .

AMA Style

Luana Dos Santos Nascimento, Antonella Gori, Andrea Raffaelli, Francesco Ferrini, Cecilia Brunetti. Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species. Plants. 2021; 10 (3):522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luana Dos Santos Nascimento; Antonella Gori; Andrea Raffaelli; Francesco Ferrini; Cecilia Brunetti. 2021. "Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species." Plants 10, no. 3: 522.

Review
Published: 09 November 2020 in Antioxidants
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Whether flavonoids play significant antioxidant roles in plants challenged by photooxidative stress of different origin has been largely debated over the last few decades. A critical review of the pertinent literature and our experimentation as well, based on a free-of-scale approach, support an important antioxidant function served by flavonoids in plants exposed to a wide range of environmental stressors, the significance of which increases with the severity of stress. On the other side, some questions need conclusive answers when the putative antioxidant functions of plant flavonoids are examined at the level of both the whole-cell and cellular organelles. This partly depends upon a conclusive, robust, and unbiased definition of “a plant antioxidant”, which is still missing, and the need of considering the subcellular re-organization that occurs in plant cells in response to severe stress conditions. This likely makes our deterministic-based approach unsuitable to unveil the relevance of flavonoids as antioxidants in extremely complex biological systems, such as a plant cell exposed to an ever-changing stressful environment. This still poses open questions about how to measure the occurred antioxidant action of flavonoids. Our reasoning also evidences the need of contemporarily evaluating the changes in key primary and secondary components of the antioxidant defense network imposed by stress events of increasing severity to properly estimate the relevance of the antioxidant functions of flavonoids in an in planta situation. In turn, this calls for an in-depth analysis of the sub-cellular distribution of primary and secondary antioxidants to solve this still intricate matter.

ACS Style

Giovanni Agati; Cecilia Brunetti; Alessio Fini; Antonella Gori; Lucia Guidi; Marco Landi; Federico Sebastiani; Massimiliano Tattini. Are Flavonoids Effective Antioxidants in Plants? Twenty Years of Our Investigation. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1098 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Agati, Cecilia Brunetti, Alessio Fini, Antonella Gori, Lucia Guidi, Marco Landi, Federico Sebastiani, Massimiliano Tattini. Are Flavonoids Effective Antioxidants in Plants? Twenty Years of Our Investigation. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (11):1098.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Agati; Cecilia Brunetti; Alessio Fini; Antonella Gori; Lucia Guidi; Marco Landi; Federico Sebastiani; Massimiliano Tattini. 2020. "Are Flavonoids Effective Antioxidants in Plants? Twenty Years of Our Investigation." Antioxidants 9, no. 11: 1098.

Original research article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
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The shrub Cistus incanus L. is well-adapted to Mediterranean conditions thanks to its morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical traits. However, its distribution and survival in coastal dunes will be likely threatened by ongoing runaway climate change. We investigated how the harsh climatic conditions generated by the 2015 summer heat wave triggered specific anatomical, physiological, and biochemical responses of this species in its natural environment. These adjustments were compared to those measured in summer 2014. The drier and hotter conditions of summer 2015 determined an increment in leaf lamina thickness, due to a greater palisade parenchyma, thus leading to an increase in the whole leaf mass per area. These morphoanatomical adjustments enhanced leaf resistance against dehydration, optimized carbon assimilation, and delayed leaf senescence. In addition, the higher amount of secondary metabolites detected for 2015, in particular tannins and monoterpenes, contributed to the maintenance of physiological performances even under hotter and drier conditions, preventing oxidative stress through the consumption of excess reducing power. In conclusion, our study offers new evidence on the integration of morphophysiological and metabolic adjustments of this species growing in its natural habitat to cope with ongoing climate change.

ACS Style

Francesca Alderotti; Cecilia Brunetti; Giovanni Marino; Mauro Centritto; Francesco Ferrini; Cristiana Giordano; Massimiliano Tattini; Bárbara Baêsso Moura; Antonella Gori. Coordination of Morpho-Physiological and Metabolic Traits of Cistus incanus L. to Overcome Heatwave-Associated Summer Drought: A Two-Year On-Site Field Study. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Francesca Alderotti, Cecilia Brunetti, Giovanni Marino, Mauro Centritto, Francesco Ferrini, Cristiana Giordano, Massimiliano Tattini, Bárbara Baêsso Moura, Antonella Gori. Coordination of Morpho-Physiological and Metabolic Traits of Cistus incanus L. to Overcome Heatwave-Associated Summer Drought: A Two-Year On-Site Field Study. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2020; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Alderotti; Cecilia Brunetti; Giovanni Marino; Mauro Centritto; Francesco Ferrini; Cristiana Giordano; Massimiliano Tattini; Bárbara Baêsso Moura; Antonella Gori. 2020. "Coordination of Morpho-Physiological and Metabolic Traits of Cistus incanus L. to Overcome Heatwave-Associated Summer Drought: A Two-Year On-Site Field Study." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 November 2020 in Plants
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Pistacia lentiscus leaves are used in several applications, thanks to their polyphenolic abundance. Thiswork aimed to characterize the polyphenols and to optimize the extraction conditions to shorten the time, decrease the consumption of solvent, and to maximize the yield of different classes of phenolics, which have diverse industrial applications. The variables were optimized by applying a Box–Behnken design. Galloyl and myricetin derivatives were the most abundant compounds, and two new tetragalloyl derivatives were identified by LC-MS/MS. According to the models, the maximum yields of polyphenols (51.3 ± 1.8 mg g−1 DW) and tannins (40.2 ± 1.4 mg g−1 DW) were obtained using 0.12 L g−1 of 40% ethanol at 50 °C. The highest content of flavonoids (10.2 ± 0.8 mg g−1 DW) was obtained using 0.13 L g−1 of 50% ethanol at 50 °C, while 0.1 L g−1 of 30% ethanol at 30 °C resulted in higher amounts of myricitrin (2.6 ± 0.19 mg g−1 DW). Our optimized extraction decreased the ethanolic fraction by 25% and halved the time compared to other methods. These conditions can be applied differently to obtain P. lentiscus extracts richer in tannins or flavonoids, which might be employed for various purposes.

ACS Style

Cassandra Detti; Luana Dos Santos Nascimento; Cecilia Brunetti; Francesco Ferrini; Antonella Gori. Optimization of a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Different Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves Using a Response Surface Methodology. Plants 2020, 9, 1482 .

AMA Style

Cassandra Detti, Luana Dos Santos Nascimento, Cecilia Brunetti, Francesco Ferrini, Antonella Gori. Optimization of a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Different Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves Using a Response Surface Methodology. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1482.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cassandra Detti; Luana Dos Santos Nascimento; Cecilia Brunetti; Francesco Ferrini; Antonella Gori. 2020. "Optimization of a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Different Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves Using a Response Surface Methodology." Plants 9, no. 11: 1482.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2020 in Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
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Cistus x incanus L. is a Mediterranean evergreen shrub used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We therefore investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from C. x incanus L. leaves on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. HPLC analysis revealed myricetin and quercetin derivatives to be the major compounds in EAF; EAF up to 1 µM of total phenolic content, was not cytotoxic and inhibited the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (p < 0.05) and the production of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, EAF triggered the mRNA expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and elicited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as well as the expression of its main target gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (p < 0.05). These data indicate that EAF attenuates experimental inflammation via the inhibition of proinflammatory mediators and at least in part, by the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These effects are likely due to myricetin and quercetin derivatives but the role of other, less abundant components cannot be excluded. Further studies to confirm the relevance of our findings in animal models and to highlight the relative contribution of each component to the anti-inflammatory activity of EAF should be conducted.

ACS Style

Mario D’Ambrosio; Elisabetta Bigagli; Lorenzo Cinci; Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Francesco Ferrini; Cristina Luceri. Ethyl acetate extract from Cistus x incanus L. leaves enriched in myricetin and quercetin derivatives, inhibits inflammatory mediators and activates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 2020, 76, 79 -86.

AMA Style

Mario D’Ambrosio, Elisabetta Bigagli, Lorenzo Cinci, Antonella Gori, Cecilia Brunetti, Francesco Ferrini, Cristina Luceri. Ethyl acetate extract from Cistus x incanus L. leaves enriched in myricetin and quercetin derivatives, inhibits inflammatory mediators and activates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2020; 76 (1-2):79-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario D’Ambrosio; Elisabetta Bigagli; Lorenzo Cinci; Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Francesco Ferrini; Cristina Luceri. 2020. "Ethyl acetate extract from Cistus x incanus L. leaves enriched in myricetin and quercetin derivatives, inhibits inflammatory mediators and activates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 76, no. 1-2: 79-86.

Original research article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Nitrogen oxides (NOx), mainly a mixture of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are formed by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen compounds in the air as a result of combustion processes and traffic. Both deposit into leaves via stomata, which on the one hand benefits air quality and on the other hand provides an additional source of nitrogen for plants. In this study, we first determined the NO and NO2 specific deposition velocities based on projected leaf area (sVd) using a branch enclosure system. We studied four tree species that are regarded as suitable to be planted under predicted future urban climate conditions: Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Ostrya carpinifolia. The NO and NO2sVd were found similar in all tree species. Second, in order to confirm NO metabolization, we fumigated plants with 15NO and quantified the incorporation of 15N in leaf materials of these trees and four additional urban tree species (Celtis australis, Alnus spaethii, Alnus glutinosa, and Tilia henryana) under controlled environmental conditions. Based on these 15N-labeling experiments, A. glutinosa showed the most effective incorporation of 15NO. Third, we tried to elucidate the mechanism of metabolization. Therefore, we generated transgenic poplars overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana phytoglobin 1 or 2. Phytoglobins are known to metabolize NO to nitrate in the presence of oxygen. The 15N uptake in phytoglobin-overexpressing poplars was significantly increased compared to wild-type trees, demonstrating that the NO uptake is enzymatically controlled besides stomatal dependence. In order to upscale the results and to investigate if a trade-off exists between air pollution removal and survival probability under future climate conditions, we have additionally carried out a modeling exercise of NO and NO2 deposition for the area of central Berlin. If the actually dominant deciduous tree species (Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur) would be replaced by the species suggested for future conditions, the total annual NO and NO2 deposition in the modeled urban area would hardly change, indicating that the service of air pollution removal would not be degraded. These results may help selecting urban tree species in future greening programs.

ACS Style

Jiangli Zhang; Andrea Ghirardo; Antonella Gori; Andreas Albert; Franz Buegger; Rocco Pace; Elisabeth Georgii; Rüdiger Grote; Jörg-Peter Schnitzler; Jörg Durner; Christian Lindermayr. Improving Air Quality by Nitric Oxide Consumption of Climate-Resilient Trees Suitable for Urban Greening. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 549913 .

AMA Style

Jiangli Zhang, Andrea Ghirardo, Antonella Gori, Andreas Albert, Franz Buegger, Rocco Pace, Elisabeth Georgii, Rüdiger Grote, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler, Jörg Durner, Christian Lindermayr. Improving Air Quality by Nitric Oxide Consumption of Climate-Resilient Trees Suitable for Urban Greening. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():549913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiangli Zhang; Andrea Ghirardo; Antonella Gori; Andreas Albert; Franz Buegger; Rocco Pace; Elisabeth Georgii; Rüdiger Grote; Jörg-Peter Schnitzler; Jörg Durner; Christian Lindermayr. 2020. "Improving Air Quality by Nitric Oxide Consumption of Climate-Resilient Trees Suitable for Urban Greening." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 549913.

Review
Published: 11 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The observation of a much-improved fitness of wild-type plants over abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants during drought has led researchers from all over to world to perform experiments aiming at a better understanding of how this hormone modulates the physiology of plants under water-limited conditions. More recently, several promising approaches manipulating ABA biosynthesis and signaling have been explored to improve water use efficiency and confer drought tolerance to major crop species. Here, we review recent progress made in the last decade on (i) ABA biosynthesis, (ii) the roles of ABA on plant-water relations and on primary and secondary metabolisms during drought, and (iii) the regulation of ABA levels and perception to improve water use efficiency and drought tolerance in crop species.

ACS Style

Amanda A. Cardoso; Antonella Gori; Cristiane J. Da-Silva; Cecilia Brunetti. Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling in Plants: Key Targets to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6322 .

AMA Style

Amanda A. Cardoso, Antonella Gori, Cristiane J. Da-Silva, Cecilia Brunetti. Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling in Plants: Key Targets to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (18):6322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda A. Cardoso; Antonella Gori; Cristiane J. Da-Silva; Cecilia Brunetti. 2020. "Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling in Plants: Key Targets to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18: 6322.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2020 in Plants
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Ocimum basilicum (basil) leaves are rich in polyphenols, conferring them a high antioxidant activity. The application of UV-B can be used to maintain the post-harvest nutraceutical quality of basil leaves. We aimed to investigate the effects of pre-harvest UV-B application on polyphenolic and pigment contents, antioxidant capacity, and the visual quality of basil stored leaves. We also evaluated the applicability of the non-invasive Dualex® for monitoring the accumulation of leaf epidermal phenolics (Flav Index). After exposing plants to white light (control) and to supplemental UV-B radiation for 4 d, the leaves were harvested and stored for 7d (TS7). The UV-B leaves showed both a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than the controls at TS7. In addition, the correlations between the Flav Index and phenolic content demonstrated that Dualex® can reliably assess the content of epidermal phenolics, thus confirming its promising utilization as a non-destructive method for monitoring the phytochemical quality of O. basilicum leaves. In conclusion, a pre-harvesting UV-B application may be a tool for enhancing the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant potential of basil stored leaves without detrimental effects on their visual quality. These results are important considering the nutraceutical value of this plant and its wide commercial distribution.

ACS Style

Luana Beatriz Dos S. Nascimento; Cecilia Brunetti; Giovanni Agati; Clara Lo Iacono; Cassandra Detti; Edgardo Giordani; Francesco Ferrini; Antonella Gori. Short-Term Pre-Harvest UV-B Supplement Enhances the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Ocimum basilicum Leaves during Storage. Plants 2020, 9, 797 .

AMA Style

Luana Beatriz Dos S. Nascimento, Cecilia Brunetti, Giovanni Agati, Clara Lo Iacono, Cassandra Detti, Edgardo Giordani, Francesco Ferrini, Antonella Gori. Short-Term Pre-Harvest UV-B Supplement Enhances the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Ocimum basilicum Leaves during Storage. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):797.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luana Beatriz Dos S. Nascimento; Cecilia Brunetti; Giovanni Agati; Clara Lo Iacono; Cassandra Detti; Edgardo Giordani; Francesco Ferrini; Antonella Gori. 2020. "Short-Term Pre-Harvest UV-B Supplement Enhances the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Ocimum basilicum Leaves during Storage." Plants 9, no. 6: 797.

Review
Published: 22 May 2020 in Sustainability
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It is known that the urban environment amplifies the effects of climate change, sometimes with disastrous consequences that put people at risk. These aspects can be affected by urban vegetation and planting design but, while there are thousands of papers related to the effects of climate change, a relatively limited number of them are directly aimed at investigating the role of vegetation as a mitigating factor in the urban context. This paper focuses on reviewing the research on the role of urban vegetation in alleviating the adverse conditions of the urban environment in order to provide some practical guidelines to be applied by city planners. Through an analysis of the documents found in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using urban vegetation and climate change-related keywords we selected five major issues related to the urban environment: (1) particulate matter, (2) gaseous pollution, (3) noise pollution, (4) water runoff, (5) urban heat island effect. The analysis of existing knowledge reported here indicates that the roles of urban vegetation on the adverse effect of climate change could not be simply deemed positive or negative, because the role of urban green is also strongly linked to the structure, composition, and distribution of vegetation, as well as to the criteria used for management. Therefore, it could help to better understand the roles of urban green as a complex system and provide the foundation for future studies.

ACS Style

Francesco Ferrini; Alessio Fini; Jacopo Mori; Antonella Gori. Role of Vegetation as a Mitigating Factor in the Urban Context. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4247 .

AMA Style

Francesco Ferrini, Alessio Fini, Jacopo Mori, Antonella Gori. Role of Vegetation as a Mitigating Factor in the Urban Context. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Ferrini; Alessio Fini; Jacopo Mori; Antonella Gori. 2020. "Role of Vegetation as a Mitigating Factor in the Urban Context." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4247.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2020 in Tree Physiology
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Drought compromises plant's ability to replace transpired water vapor with water absorbed from the soil, leading to extensive xylem dysfunction and causing plant desiccation and death. Short-term plant responses to drought rely on stomatal closure, and on the plant's ability to recover hydraulic functioning after drought relief. We hypothesize a key role for abscisic acid (ABA) not only in the control of stomatal aperture, but also in hydraulic recovery. Young plants of Populus nigra L. were used to investigate possible relationships among ABA, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and xylem hydraulic function under drought and after re-watering. In Populus nigra L. plants subjected to drought, water transport efficiency and hydraulic recovery after re-watering were monitored by measuring the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and stem specific hydraulic conductivity (Kstem). In the same plants ABA and NSC were quantified in wood and bark. Drought severely reduced stomatal conductance (gL) and markedly increased the PLC. Leaf and stem water potential, and stem hydraulic efficiency fully recovered within 24 h after re-watering, but gL values remained low. After re-watering, we found significant correlations between changes in ABA content and hexoses concentration both in wood and bark. Our findings suggest a role for ABA in the regulation of stem carbohydrate metabolism and starch mobilization upon drought relief, possibly promoting the restoration of xylem transport capacity.

ACS Style

Cecilia Brunetti; Tadeja Savi; Andrea Nardini; Francesco Loreto; Antonella Gori; Mauro Centritto. Changes in abscisic acid content during and after drought are related to carbohydrate mobilization and hydraulic recovery in poplar stems. Tree Physiology 2020, 40, 1043 -1057.

AMA Style

Cecilia Brunetti, Tadeja Savi, Andrea Nardini, Francesco Loreto, Antonella Gori, Mauro Centritto. Changes in abscisic acid content during and after drought are related to carbohydrate mobilization and hydraulic recovery in poplar stems. Tree Physiology. 2020; 40 (8):1043-1057.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cecilia Brunetti; Tadeja Savi; Andrea Nardini; Francesco Loreto; Antonella Gori; Mauro Centritto. 2020. "Changes in abscisic acid content during and after drought are related to carbohydrate mobilization and hydraulic recovery in poplar stems." Tree Physiology 40, no. 8: 1043-1057.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Molecules
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Mediterranean plants biosynthesize high amounts of polyphenols, which are important health-promoting compounds. Leaf polyphenolic composition changes according to environmental conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to know the temporal variation in their production. This study aimed to: i) evaluate the monthly and daily changes in polyphenols of Phyllirea latifolia, Cistus incanus, and Pistacia lentiscus to identify their best harvesting moment, ii) verify the possible correlations between phenolic production and temperature and irradiation, iii) evaluate their antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical (OH)scavenging assays. The extracts of leaves harvested at 8:00, 13:00 and 18:00, in May, July, and October for two years were analysed by HPLC-DAD. Both “month” and “time of the day” affected the polyphenolic content in all species. July at 13:00 was the best harvesting moment for all polyphenolic classes of P. latifolia and only for some classes of C. incanus and P. lentiscus. Environmental parameters positively correlated with the polyphenols of C. incanus and P. latifolia, while the antioxidant capacity only varied in this last species, reaching the highest value in July. Results of the study allow to determine the balsamic time for each species. Moreover, the relationship between polyphenols and environmental data can be useful for the cultivation of these plants under controlled conditions.

ACS Style

Antonella Gori; Luana Beatriz Nascimento; Francesco Ferrini; Mauro Centritto; Cecilia Brunetti. Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Leaf Phenolics of Three Medicinal Mediterranean Wild Species: What Is the Best Harvesting Moment to Obtain the Richest and the Most Antioxidant Extracts? Molecules 2020, 25, 956 .

AMA Style

Antonella Gori, Luana Beatriz Nascimento, Francesco Ferrini, Mauro Centritto, Cecilia Brunetti. Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Leaf Phenolics of Three Medicinal Mediterranean Wild Species: What Is the Best Harvesting Moment to Obtain the Richest and the Most Antioxidant Extracts? Molecules. 2020; 25 (4):956.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Gori; Luana Beatriz Nascimento; Francesco Ferrini; Mauro Centritto; Cecilia Brunetti. 2020. "Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Leaf Phenolics of Three Medicinal Mediterranean Wild Species: What Is the Best Harvesting Moment to Obtain the Richest and the Most Antioxidant Extracts?" Molecules 25, no. 4: 956.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Conservation Physiology
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Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing hygrophilic tree native to a humid sub-tropical region of India, now widely planted in many regions of the Southern Hemisphere characterized by low soil water availability. The widespread cultivation of this plant worldwide may have led to populations with different physiological and biochemical traits. In this work, the impact of water stress on the physiology and biochemistry of two M. oleifera populations, one from Chaco Paraguayo (PY) and one from Indian Andhra Pradesh (IA) region, was studied in a screenhouse experiment where the water stress treatment was followed by re-watering. Through transcriptome sequencing, 2201 potential genic simple sequence repeats were identified and used to confirm the genetic differentiation of the two populations. Both populations of M. oleifera reduced photosynthesis, water potential, relative water content and growth under drought, compared to control well-watered plants. A complete recovery of photosynthesis after re-watering was observed in both populations, but growth parameters recovered better in PY than in IA plants. During water stress, PY plants accumulated more secondary metabolites, especially β-carotene and phenylpropanoids, than IA plants, but IA plants invested more into xanthophylls and showed a higher de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls cycle that contributed to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. M. oleifera demonstrated a high genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, which are key factors for adaptation to dry environments. A higher plasticity (e.g. in PY plants adapted to wet environments) will be a useful trait to endure recurrent but brief water stress episodes, whereas long-term investment of resources into secondary metabolism (e.g. in IA plants adapted to drier environments) will be a successful strategy to cope with prolonged periods of drought. This makes M. oleifera an important resource for agro-forestry in a climate change scenario.

ACS Style

Cecilia Brunetti; Antonella Gori; Barbara Baesso Moura; Francesco Loreto; Federico Sebastiani; Edgardo Giordani; Francesco Ferrini. Phenotypic plasticity of two M. oleifera ecotypes from different climatic zones under water stress and re-watering. Conservation Physiology 2020, 8, coaa028 .

AMA Style

Cecilia Brunetti, Antonella Gori, Barbara Baesso Moura, Francesco Loreto, Federico Sebastiani, Edgardo Giordani, Francesco Ferrini. Phenotypic plasticity of two M. oleifera ecotypes from different climatic zones under water stress and re-watering. Conservation Physiology. 2020; 8 (1):coaa028.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cecilia Brunetti; Antonella Gori; Barbara Baesso Moura; Francesco Loreto; Federico Sebastiani; Edgardo Giordani; Francesco Ferrini. 2020. "Phenotypic plasticity of two M. oleifera ecotypes from different climatic zones under water stress and re-watering." Conservation Physiology 8, no. 1: coaa028.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2019 in Processes
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Waste orange peel represents a heavy burden for the orange juice industry, estimated in several million tons per year worldwide; nevertheless, this by-product is endowed with valuable bioactive compounds, such as pectin, polyphenols, and terpenes. The potential value of the waste orange peel has stimulated the search for extraction processes, alternative or complementary to landfilling or to the integral energy conversion. This study introduces controlled hydrodynamic cavitation as a new route to the integral valorization of this by-product, based on simple equipment, speed, effectiveness and efficiency, scalability, and compliance with green extraction principles. Waste orange peel, in batches of several kg, was processed in more than 100 L of water, without any other raw materials, in a device comprising a Venturi-shaped cavitation reactor. The extractions of pectin (with a remarkably low degree of esterification), polyphenols (flavanones and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives), and terpenes (mainly d-limonene) were effective and efficient (high yields within a few min of process time). The biomethane generation potential of the process residues was determined. The achieved results proved the viability of the proposed route to the integral valorization of waste orange peel, though wide margins exist for further improvements.

ACS Style

Francesco Meneguzzo; Cecilia Brunetti; Alexandra Fidalgo; Rosaria Ciriminna; Riccardo DeLisi; Lorenzo Albanese; Federica Zabini; Antonella Gori; Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento; Anna De Carlo; Francesco Ferrini; Laura M. Ilharco; Mario Pagliaro. Real-Scale Integral Valorization of Waste Orange Peel via Hydrodynamic Cavitation. Processes 2019, 7, 581 .

AMA Style

Francesco Meneguzzo, Cecilia Brunetti, Alexandra Fidalgo, Rosaria Ciriminna, Riccardo DeLisi, Lorenzo Albanese, Federica Zabini, Antonella Gori, Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento, Anna De Carlo, Francesco Ferrini, Laura M. Ilharco, Mario Pagliaro. Real-Scale Integral Valorization of Waste Orange Peel via Hydrodynamic Cavitation. Processes. 2019; 7 (9):581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Meneguzzo; Cecilia Brunetti; Alexandra Fidalgo; Rosaria Ciriminna; Riccardo DeLisi; Lorenzo Albanese; Federica Zabini; Antonella Gori; Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento; Anna De Carlo; Francesco Ferrini; Laura M. Ilharco; Mario Pagliaro. 2019. "Real-Scale Integral Valorization of Waste Orange Peel via Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Processes 7, no. 9: 581.

Original research article
Published: 30 July 2019 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Cork is a renewable, non-wood high valued forest product, with relevant ecological and economic impact in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Currently, cork is ranked according to its commercial quality. The most valuable planks are chosen for cork stoppers production. Cork planks with adequate thickness and porosity are classified as stoppable quality cork (SQC). The chemical composition of cork is known, but the regulation of metabolic pathways responsible of cork production and composition, hence of cork quality, is largely unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that post-genomic events may be responsible for the development of SQC and N-SQC (non-stoppable quality cork). Here, we show that combined proteomics and targeted metabolomics (namely soluble and cell wall bound phenolics) analyzed on recently formed phellem allows discriminate cork planks of different quality. Phellem cells of SQC and N-SQC displayed different reducing capacity, with consequential impact on both enzymatic pathways (e.g., glycolysis) and other cellular functions, including cell wall assembly and suberization. Glycolysis and respiration related proteins were abundant in both cork quality groups, whereas the level of several proteins associated to mitochondrial metabolism was higher in N-SQC. The soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics in recently formed phellem clearly discriminated SQC from N-SCQ. In our study, SQC was characterized by a high incorporation of aromatic components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the cell wall, together with a lower content of hydrolysable tannins. Here, we propose that the level of hydrolysable tannins may represent a valuable diagnostic tool for screening recently formed phellem, and used as a proxy for the quality grade of cork plank produced by each tree.

ACS Style

Carla Pinheiro; Stefanie Wienkoop; João Feio de Almeida; Cecilia Brunetti; Olfa Zarrouk; Sébastien Planchon; Antonella Gori; Massimiliano Tattini; Cândido Pinto Ricardo; Jenny Renaut; Rita Teresa Teixeira. Phellem Cell-Wall Components Are Discriminants of Cork Quality in Quercus suber. Frontiers in Plant Science 2019, 10, 944 .

AMA Style

Carla Pinheiro, Stefanie Wienkoop, João Feio de Almeida, Cecilia Brunetti, Olfa Zarrouk, Sébastien Planchon, Antonella Gori, Massimiliano Tattini, Cândido Pinto Ricardo, Jenny Renaut, Rita Teresa Teixeira. Phellem Cell-Wall Components Are Discriminants of Cork Quality in Quercus suber. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019; 10 ():944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carla Pinheiro; Stefanie Wienkoop; João Feio de Almeida; Cecilia Brunetti; Olfa Zarrouk; Sébastien Planchon; Antonella Gori; Massimiliano Tattini; Cândido Pinto Ricardo; Jenny Renaut; Rita Teresa Teixeira. 2019. "Phellem Cell-Wall Components Are Discriminants of Cork Quality in Quercus suber." Frontiers in Plant Science 10, no. : 944.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Molecular mechanisms that are the base of the strategies adopted by Mediterranean plants to cope with the challenges imposed by limited or excessive solar radiation during the summer season have received limited attention. In our study, conducted on C. incanus plants growing in the shade or in full sunlight, we performed measurements of relevant physiological traits, such as leaf water potential, gas exchange and PSII photochemistry, RNA-Seq with de-novo assembly, and the analysis of differentially expressed genes. We also identified and quantified photosynthetic pigments, abscisic acid, and flavonoids. Here, we show major mechanisms regulating light perception and signaling which, in turn, sustain the shade avoidance syndrome displayed by the 'sun loving' C. incanus. We offer clear evidence of the detrimental effects of excessive light on both the assembly and the stability of PSII, and the activation of a suite of both repair and effective antioxidant mechanisms in sun-adapted leaves. For instance, our study supports the view of major antioxidant functions of zeaxanthin in sunny plants concomitantly challenged by severe drought stress. Finally, our study confirms the multiple functions served by flavonoids, both flavonols and flavanols, in the adaptive mechanisms of plants to the environmental pressures associated to Mediterranean climate.

ACS Style

Federico Sebastiani; Sara Torre; Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Mauro Centritto; Francesco Ferrini; Massimiliano Tattini. Dissecting Adaptation Mechanisms to Contrasting Solar Irradiance in the Mediterranean Shrub Cistus incanus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 3599 .

AMA Style

Federico Sebastiani, Sara Torre, Antonella Gori, Cecilia Brunetti, Mauro Centritto, Francesco Ferrini, Massimiliano Tattini. Dissecting Adaptation Mechanisms to Contrasting Solar Irradiance in the Mediterranean Shrub Cistus incanus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (14):3599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Sebastiani; Sara Torre; Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Mauro Centritto; Francesco Ferrini; Massimiliano Tattini. 2019. "Dissecting Adaptation Mechanisms to Contrasting Solar Irradiance in the Mediterranean Shrub Cistus incanus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14: 3599.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2019 in Toxins
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Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrader is an annual plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, widely distributed in the desert areas of the Mediterranean basin. Many pharmacological properties (anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-epileptic) are ascribed to different organs of this plant; extracts and derivatives of C. colocynthis are used in folk Berber medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases-such as rheumatism arthritis, hypertension bronchitis, mastitis, and even cancer. Clinical studies aimed at confirming the chemical and biological bases of pharmacological activity assigned to many plant/herb extracts used in folk medicine often rely on results obtained from laboratory preliminary tests. We investigated the biological activity of some C. colocynthis stem, leaf, and root extracts on the mycotoxigenic and phytopathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus, testing a possible correlation between the inhibitory effect on aflatoxin biosynthesis, the phytochemical composition of extracts, and their in vitro antioxidant capacities.

ACS Style

Francesca Degola; Belsem Marzouk; Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Lucia Dramis; Stefania Gelati; Annamaria Buschini; Francesco M. Restivo. Aspergillus flavus as a Model System to Test the Biological Activity of Botanicals: An Example on Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad. Organic Extracts. Toxins 2019, 11, 286 .

AMA Style

Francesca Degola, Belsem Marzouk, Antonella Gori, Cecilia Brunetti, Lucia Dramis, Stefania Gelati, Annamaria Buschini, Francesco M. Restivo. Aspergillus flavus as a Model System to Test the Biological Activity of Botanicals: An Example on Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad. Organic Extracts. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Degola; Belsem Marzouk; Antonella Gori; Cecilia Brunetti; Lucia Dramis; Stefania Gelati; Annamaria Buschini; Francesco M. Restivo. 2019. "Aspergillus flavus as a Model System to Test the Biological Activity of Botanicals: An Example on Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad. Organic Extracts." Toxins 11, no. 5: 286.

Short communication
Published: 15 March 2019 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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After an unpreceded physical separation occurred since the Industrial revolution, at present there is growing understanding that depriving humans from their connections with nature reduces mental, physical and social well-being. Accordingly, urban edible landscaping is now booming worldwide but, although UE is adopting policies supporting food production within the boundaries of many cities, research and knowledge on design and management practices for urban food forestry is still limited and no common guidelines for fruit production in urban areas are available. In particular, the urban environment is a pollution hotspot, and knowledge about the uptake and translocation of pollutants to a plant edible part is needed to match food security to food safety of edible landscapes. Widespread heavy metal pollution in urban soils sets the need of understanding the species-specific patterns of metal translocation within the plant and to its edible parts. Most common strategies include: exclusion, passive accumulation and active accumulation, but mechanisms are known only for very a limited number of woody edible species. Particulate matter and atmospheric can be other appreciable, soil-independent, sources of pollution for food cultivated in urban sites. Airborne metals can directly enter into the fruit or be absorbed by leaf through stomata and then translocated. Existing knowledge and gaps about metal uptake through leaf and re-distribution within the plant are reviewed here. This knowledge may guide species and cultivar selection to produce healthy food in urban sites and might be a pre-requisite to drive planning and management of edible landscapes with a higher degree of ecological complexity than urban orchards, such as urban food forests.

ACS Style

Antonella Gori; Francesco Ferrini; Alessio Fini. Reprint of: Growing healthy food under heavy metal pollution load: Overview and major challenges of tree based edible landscapes. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 45, 126292 .

AMA Style

Antonella Gori, Francesco Ferrini, Alessio Fini. Reprint of: Growing healthy food under heavy metal pollution load: Overview and major challenges of tree based edible landscapes. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 45 ():126292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Gori; Francesco Ferrini; Alessio Fini. 2019. "Reprint of: Growing healthy food under heavy metal pollution load: Overview and major challenges of tree based edible landscapes." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 45, no. : 126292.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2019 in Annals of Botany
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Background and AimsHydraulic and chemical signals operate in tandem to regulate systemic plant responses to drought. Transport of abscisic acid (ABA) through the xylem and phloem from the root to shoot has been suggested to serve as the main signal of water deficit. There is evidence that ABA and its ABA-glycosyl-ester (ABA-GE) are also formed in leaves and stems through the chloroplastic 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway. This study aimed to evaluate how hormonal and hydraulic signals contribute to optimize stomatal (gs), mesophyll (gm) and leaf hydraulic (Kleaf) conductance under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in Populus nigra (black poplar) plants. In addition, we assessed possible relationships between ABA and soluble carbohydrates within the leaf and stem.MethodsPlants were subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (WW), moderate stress (WS1) and severe stress (WS2). This experimental set-up enabled a time-course analysis of the response to water deficit at the physiological [leaf gas exchange, plant water relations, (Kleaf)], biochemical (ABA and its metabolite/catabolite quantification in xylem sap, leaves, wood, bark and roots) and molecular (gene expression of ABA biosynthesis) levels.Key ResultsOur results showed strong coordination between gs, gm and Kleaf under water stress, which reduced transpiration and increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEint). Analysis of gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and ABA content in different tissues showed a general up-regulation of the biosynthesis of this hormone and its finely-tuned catabolism in response to water stress. Significant linear relationships were found between soluble carbohydrates and ABA contents in both leaves and stems, suggesting a putative function for this hormone in carbohydrate mobilization under severe water stress.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the tight regulation of the photosynthetic machinery by levels of ABA in different plants organs on a daily basis in both well-watered and water stress conditions to optimize WUEint and coordinate whole plant acclimation responses to drought.

ACS Style

Cecilia Brunetti; Antonella Gori; Giovanni Marino; Paolo Latini; Anatoly P Sobolev; Andrea Nardini; Matthew Haworth; Alessio Giovannelli; Donatella Capitani; Francesco Loreto; Gail Taylor; Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza; Antoine Harfouche; Mauro Centritto. Dynamic changes in ABA content in water-stressed Populus nigra: effects on carbon fixation and soluble carbohydrates. Annals of Botany 2019, 124, 627 -643.

AMA Style

Cecilia Brunetti, Antonella Gori, Giovanni Marino, Paolo Latini, Anatoly P Sobolev, Andrea Nardini, Matthew Haworth, Alessio Giovannelli, Donatella Capitani, Francesco Loreto, Gail Taylor, Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza, Antoine Harfouche, Mauro Centritto. Dynamic changes in ABA content in water-stressed Populus nigra: effects on carbon fixation and soluble carbohydrates. Annals of Botany. 2019; 124 (4):627-643.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cecilia Brunetti; Antonella Gori; Giovanni Marino; Paolo Latini; Anatoly P Sobolev; Andrea Nardini; Matthew Haworth; Alessio Giovannelli; Donatella Capitani; Francesco Loreto; Gail Taylor; Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza; Antoine Harfouche; Mauro Centritto. 2019. "Dynamic changes in ABA content in water-stressed Populus nigra: effects on carbon fixation and soluble carbohydrates." Annals of Botany 124, no. 4: 627-643.