Cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogel has good biocompatibility, antibacterial performance, biodegradability, and other characteristics. It can be very compatible with human tissues and degradation, while its good water absorption and moisturizing properties can effectively absorb wound exudates, keep the wound moist, and promote wound healing. In this paper, the structural properties, and physical and chemical cross-linking preparation methods of cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogels were discussed in detail, and the application of cellulose-based hydrogels in the antibacterial field was deeply studied. In general, cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogels, as a new type of biomaterial, have shown good potential in antimicrobial properties and have been widely used. However, there are still some challenges, such as optimizing the preparation process and performance parameters, improving the antibacterial and physical properties, broadening the application range, and evaluating safety. However, with the deepening of research and technological progress, it is believed that cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogels will be applied and developed in more fields in the future.

Degumming is the most important link in the textile industry. The main purpose of degumming is to effectively remove non-cellulose substances in plant bast fibers. In this research, we propose an electro-Fenton (EF) system with a nickel-foam (Ni-F) cathode in weak acid pH (EF/Ni-F) to degum cannabis fiber in EF while reducing the content of pollutants in degumming wastewater. FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM, and TG were employed to thoroughly understand the reaction characteristics to characterize chemical components, element qualities, the crystallinity, and the morphologies of degummed fibers. Additionally, physical and mechanical properties such as breaking strength, elongation at breaking, residual glue rate, whiteness, and diameter of degummed fibers were measured. Through testing, it was found that the fiber degummed by the EF method had higher breaking strength, lower residual tackiness, and higher whiteness than other methods. The antibacterial test was used to detect the effect of fiber on Staphylococcus aureus before and after degumming. EF could remove more colloidal components from cannabis than other methods, and the mechanical properties were also enhanced. The characteristics of the degummed fiber further confirmed the effectiveness of the new degumming method. Moreover, the antibacterial experiment found that the antibacterial property of the degummed fiber was enhanced. The colloidal components in the degumming wastewater were flocculated and precipitated. The upper liquid of the solution had low chromaticity, low COD value, and weak acid pH value, which can meet the discharge requirements. The above test proves that EF is an effective degumming method that is environmentally friendly, takes less time, and enhances antibacterial performance.

The cellulose of carex meyeriana kunth (CMKC) was used as raw material, and the spinning solution was prepared by combining with polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The nano-cellulose fiber of carex meyeriana kunth (CMKN) was prepared by electrospinning. Used to remove methylene blue dye (MB) in aqueous solution. In the electrospinning experiment, the addition of CMKC was in the range of 5% ~ 25%, the feed rate of spinning parameters was set in the range of 0.2 ~ 1.0 mL/h, the distance from the needle tip to the collecting plate was in the range of 10 ~ 25 cm, and the voltage was changed in the range of 15 ~ 25 kV. The obtained CMKN was characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The MB removal rate was evaluated in the dye removal experiment, and the effects of CMKN on MB removal rate under the factors of CMKC dosage, temperature, shock time and MB initial concentration were discussed. The optimum process conditions were determined by response surface methodology. The results show that the prepared fibers are superfine fibers with nanometer diameter, and the spun nanofibers have smooth surface, high overall orientation and strong uniformity. The adsorption kinetics of prepared CMKN accords with quasi-second order model, and the adsorption isotherm accords with Langmuir model. The maximum dye removal rate of CMKN is 63.24%.

Textile printing and dyeing wastewater has complex water quality and causes great harm. As a common pollutant, the cationic methylene blue dye is harmful to health. Therefore, adsorption technology plays a crucial role in wastewater treatment. To study the application of hemp/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite fiber membranes in dye adsorption, this study employed electrospinning technology. This study used electrospinning to prepare hemp/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite fiber membranes for dye adsorption. Hemp fibers were dissolved in LiCl/DMAc, blended with polyacrylonitrile solution, and electrospun after single-factor optimization. The results show that the hemp/polyacrylonitrile composite fiber membrane has a uniform diameter distribution, good hydrophilicity, and excellent mechanical and physical properties. The particulate matter filtration test reveals that the membrane’s filtration efficiency can reach 99.97%. The adsorption of methylene blue by the hemp/polyacrylonitrile composite fiber membrane is more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, indicating that it is mainly dominated by chemical adsorption. The adsorption process is a spontaneous endothermic reaction, and a higher temperature is more conducive to adsorption, with an adsorption capacity of up to 75.85 mg/g. The simple method yielded membranes with excellent dye adsorption and particulate filtration performance.

Carex meyeriana Kunth is a renewable cellulose resource with abundant reserves in nature and has a large research space, but its application is limited and still under development. Hence, Carex meyeriana Kunth is worth developing. Carex meyeriana Kunth's cellulose is abbreviated as CMKC. This study aims to produce cellulose nanofibers (CMKN) from CMKC by electrostatic spinning. The electrostatic spinning solution was prepared by mixing the self-made cellulose solution with 15% polyacrylonitrile, and a CMKN was obtained by electrostatic spinning. The influence of adding cellulose concentration, voltage, the receiving distance, and the pushing speed on the fiber surface morphology was considered. In the tests, the feed rate of the spinning parameters varied in the range of 0.2–1.0 mL/h, the distance from the tip to the acquisition board varied in the range of 10–25 cm, the voltage was 15–25 kV, and the relative humidity was 65%. The fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimal process route was explored. At 21 kV, 20-cm receiving distance, and 0.5 mL/h pushing speed, the spun nanofibers have a smooth surface, a high overall orientation, strong uniformity, and fiber diameter. According to XRD, infrared spectroscopy, and the single-fiber tensile strength test, the crystallinity of cellulose decreases and the tensile strength increases after the transformation from cellulose to nanofiber. Through chemical and mechanical means, we effectively removed the non-cellulose components and increased the cellulose content. The cellulose in the nanofiber is type I. Response surface diagrams help to understand the interaction of these parameters. Langmuir adsorption isotherm is the best fitting model for MB removal by CMKN. The kinetic model is better explained using a pseudo-second-order model. It can be seen from the experiment that the best dye removal conditions are 30℃, MB solution concentration 40mg/L, shock time 90min, 15% cellulose nanofilm removal rate is 63.24%.