Stable soft tissue integration around the implant abutment attenuates pathogen penetration, protects underlying bone tissue, prevents peri-implantitis and is essential in maintaining long-term implant stability. The desire for “metal free” and “aesthetic restoration” has favored zirconia over titanium abutments, especially for implant restorations in the anterior region and for patients with thin gingival biotype. Soft tissue attachment to the zirconia abutment surface remains a challenge. A comprehensive review of advances in zirconia surface treatment (micro-design) and structural design (macro-design) affecting soft tissue attachment is presented and strategies and research directions are discussed. Soft tissue models for abutment research are described. Guidelines for development of zirconia abutment surfaces that promote soft tissue integration and evidence-based references to inform clinical choice of abutment structure and postoperative maintenance are presented.

Background: Occlusal analysis is essential in the dental clinical practice. However, the traditional occlusal analysis performed on the two-dimensional level can not directly correspond to the tooth surface with three-dimensional profile, therefore the clinical guidance value is limited. Methods: By combining the 3D digital dental models and quantitative data from 2D occlusal contact analysis, this study constructed a novel digital occlusal analysis method. The validity and reliability of DP and SA were verified by comparing the results of occlusal analysis of 22 participants. ICC values for occlusal contact area (OCA) and occlusal contact number (OCN) were tested. Results: Results confirmed the reliability of the two occlusal analysis methods with ICC values of 0.909 for SA_OCA, 0.906 for DP_OCA, 0.929 for SA_OCN and 0.904 for DP_OCN. The Bland-Altman plot, paired t-test (t_OCN = 0.691, P > 0.05) and Pearson correlation analysis results (R = 0.68, p < 0.001) verified the validity between SA and DP. Then a novel digital occlusal analysis method was constructed, which not only can locate the occlusion contact and provide the quantitative analysis, but also provide a comprehensive description of the resultant force of each tooth and the component forces on the x-, y- and z-axis. Conclusions: This new occlusal analysis method can obtain quantitative analysis of occlusal contact including contact area and force information simultaneously, which will provide new impetus and greater help for clinical dental treatment and scientific research.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.

Using a solid-state reaction strategy, nominal Li₃TiO₃F oxyfluorides ceramics were fabricated, and its sintering behavior, microstructure, phase assemblages, as well as microwave dielectric performances were all investigated. The main phase of Li₃TiO₃F with cubic structures accompanied with small amounts of the LiF or Li₂TiO₃ secondary phase was identified by XRD analysis. SEM analysis showed that a uniform and dense microstructure was obtained for 750 °C-sintered samples. The dielectric constant (ε_r) and quality factor (Q × f) were found to be strongly correlated with porosity and grain size distribution, whereas the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τ_f) was mainly dominated by the phase assemblages. In particular, the 750 °C-sintered Li₃TiO₃F samples exhibited good microwave dielectric performances: ε_r = 18, Q × f = 57,300 GHz (under 9.2 GHz), τ_f = −43.0 ppm/°C.