The conducted research offers an environmental assessment of municipal waste (MW) using remote sensing (RS), geological, and geophysical datasets. As a test site, the present study aims to characterize one of the largest uncontrolled dumpsites in Egypt. RS data analysis indicates that high temperature values are concentrated at the MW and landfill site allocations as a result of the decomposition process, leading to fire risks. Moreover, the geological and structural data draw attention to the structural-controlled old topography role on MW distributions. Consequently, the dumpsite MW has larger surface quantities near the downthrows of the mapped faults. For MW characterization, geophysical data are acquired to produce2D/3D resistivity models. Because MW has the ability to become soft clay, the municipal organic waste and landfill leachate resistivities are lower than that of municipal solid waste and sandy soils. The geophysical inversion results indicate that the maximum thickness of MW calibrating with the drilled borehole data is 60 m. Furthermore, the estimated MW dumpsite volume is about 42.32 MCM. Accordingly, the MW can be characterized in an accurate qualitative and quantitative manner. Our findings, therefore, help the efforts of uncontrolled dumpsite development and thus contribute to sustainability plans.

The study focuses on the east Uweinat area in the eastern sector of the Saharan continental crust and extends to the Arabian-Nubian basement rocks in the east. This area extends beyond the Egyptian territories, including the northern part of Sudan and the eastern part of Libya. The Saharan continental crust represents a challenge due to its classification as an arid to hyper arid environment and the difficulty of accessing it. The study aims to construct the regional structural framework of the basement complex that has its influence on the overlying sedimentary section, specifically in the part that belongs to the Saharan continental crust of Egypt. Space geophysical data was used, including GRACE, magnetic, SRTM Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission and geoid data. A qualitative and quantitative interpretation is used to highlight the subsurface geological picture and structure framework. The integration of these data helps to understand the subsurface structural framework and provide insights into the geological evolution of the region. The constructed structural framework map shows the presence of a large basin east of the Uweinat area, mainly sourced from the Nile River and a small amount of rainfall, with geological obstacles preventing water leakage out. The occurrence of the East Uweinat ring complexes and volcanism have both positive and negative impacts and must be taken into account in any systematic natural resources exploration strategy.

Groundwater exploration in arid regions of the Eastern Desert of Egypt requires an integrated understanding of the structural, geomorphic, and subsurface controls governing recharge and storage. This study presents a GIS-based groundwater potentiality model for a structurally complex rift-related zone along the southern Esh El Mellaha Block, between the Gulf of Suez and northern Red Sea. Sixteen topographical, meteorological, hydrological, and surface geological factors were systematically integrated with particular magnetic basement-depth modeling and subsurface fault architecture, which were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results demonstrate that regional tectonic configuration and structural geometry, rather than surface geomorphic factors alone, exert the primary control on groundwater distribution. High-potential zones are concentrated within major structural lows, including the Tarboul syncline, West Hurghada trough, and El Gouna fan system, where thick Quaternary deposits and enhanced infiltration prevail. The ENE-trending Bali Shear Zone acts as a key conduit for focused recharge by enhancing fracture permeability and linking the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea structural domains. Model validation yielded an AUC of 0.80, with balanced sensitivity and specificity (0.74), indicating reliable predictive performance. Single parameter sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the model and indicates that structural and geological factors exert the strongest control on groundwater potential distribution. The study emphasizes the role of structural architecture in groundwater assessment and supports future sustainable water-resource development in arid extensional tectonic settings.