Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent that rapidly induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, the clinical application of recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL) has been hampered by its common cancer resistance. Naturally TRAIL is delivered as a membrane-bound form by extracellular vesicles (EV-T) and is highly efficient for apoptosis induction. SCH727965 (dinaciclib), a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, was shown to synergize with other drugs to get better efficacy. However, it has never been investigated if dinaciclib coordinates with EV-T to enhance therapeutic results. This study explores the potential of combination therapy with EV-T and dinaciclib for cancer treatment. EV-T was successfully derived from human TRAIL transduced cells and shown to partially overcome resistance of A549 cells. Dinaciclib was shown to drastically enhance EV-T killing effects on cancer lines that express good levels of death receptor (DR) 5, which are associated with suppression of CDK1, CDK9 and anti-apoptotic proteins. Combination therapy with low doses of EV-T and dinaciclib induced strikingly enhanced apoptosis and led to complete regression in A549 tumors without any adverse side effects observed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Tumor infiltration of mass NK cells and macrophages was also observed. These observations thus indicate that the combination of EV-T with dinaciclib is a potential novel therapy for highly effective and safe cancer treatment.

Real‐time monitoring and accurate prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power generation operation parameters are essential to ensure stable operation. In this paper, a set of online PV power generation parameter measurement and monitoring devices characterized by simple structure, high sampling accuracy, small data fluctuations, and ease of measurement, are designed. Sensors based on the zero‐flux principle are employed in the real‐time collection of the output electrical signals in the process of PV power generation, realizing the accurate collection of electric parameter signals. Next, the basic structure and working principle of PV cells are analyzed, a mathematical model of PV cells for engineering purposes is established, a wavelet neural network is selected to predict the short‐term PV power generation, and particle swarm optimization and adding momentum are used to optimize the weight of wavelet neural network (WNN) as well as the parameters of the wavelet basis function. Finally, the historical power generation data and meteorological data of the power station are taken as the training samples to train and simulate the prediction sub‐models of different weather types to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the PV power generation short‐term prediction model for optimizing the WNN based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The research results of this paper can realize real‐time monitoring of the output parameters and accurate prediction and evaluation of power generation during the operation of the PV‐power‐generation system.

A 2-D numerical simulation model was established based on a small-sized metal hydride storage tank, and the model was validated by the existing experiments. An external cooling bath was equipped to simulate the heating effects of hydrogen absorption reactions. Furthermore, both the type and the flow rate of the cooling fluids in the cooling bath were altered, so that changes in temperature and hydrogen storage capacity in the hydrogen storage model could be analyzed. It is demonstrated that the reaction rate in the center of the hydrogen storage tank gradually becomes lower than that at the wall surface. When the flow rate of the fluid is small, significant differences can be found in the cooling liquid temperature at the inlet and the outlet cooling bath. In areas adjacent to its inlet, the reaction rate is higher than that at the outlet, and a better cooling effect is produced by water. As the flow rate increases, the total time consumed by hydrogen adsorption reaction is gradually reduced to a constant value. At the same flow rate, the wall surface of the tank shows a reaction rate insignificantly different from that in its center, provided that cooling water or oil coolant is replaced with air.

To investigate the influence of thermal effects on the hydrogen desorption performance of the metal hydride hydrogen storage system, a two-dimensional numerical model was established based on a small metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, and its accuracy was verified by the temperature variations in the reaction zone of the hydrogen storage tank during hydrogen desorption. In addition, the influence of the heat transfer medium on the heat and mass transfer performance of the hydrogen desorption reaction was analyzed. An external heat transfer bath was added to simulate the thermal effect of the model during the hydrogen desorption reaction. The temperature and type of heat transfer medium in the heat transfer bath were modified, and the temperature and reaction fraction variations in each zone of the hydrogen storage model were analyzed. The results showed that under heat transfer water flow, the reaction rate in the center region of the hydrogen storage tank was gradually lower than that in the wall region. The higher the temperature of water flow, the shorter the total time required for the hydrogen desorption reaction and the shortening amplitude is reduced. The variations in the temperature and hydrogen storage capacity during hydrogen desorption were similar, with water and oil as the heat transfer medium, under the same flow rate and heat transfer temperature, however, the heat transfer time and hydrogen desorption time of water were about 10% and 5% shorter than that of oil, respectively. When the air was used as the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer rate of the air convection in the channel was lower than the heat transfer rate of the tank wall, reducing the temperature difference between the air and alloy on both sides of the wall, decreasing heat transfer efficiency, and significantly prolonging the time required for hydrogen desorption.

To reduce the vibration and shock of powertrain in the process of engine key on/off and vehicle in situ shift, a novel semi-active hydraulic damping strut is developed. The purpose of this paper is to study and discuss the dynamic stiffness model of the semi-active hydraulic damping strut. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of semi-active hydraulic damping strut were analyzed based on MTS 831 test rig first. Then, the dynamic stiffness model of semi-active hydraulic damping strut was established based on 2 degrees of freedom vibration system. In this research, a linear, fractional derivative and friction model was used to represent the nonlinear rubber bushing characteristic; the Maxwell model was used to describe the semi-active hydraulic damping strut body model; and the parameters of rubber bushing and semi-active hydraulic damping strut body were identified. The dynamic stiffness values were calculated with solenoid valve energized and not energized at amplitudes of 1 mm and 4 mm, which were consistent with experimental results in low-frequency range. Furthermore, the simplified dynamic stiffness model of the semi-active hydraulic damping strut was discussed, which showed that bushing can be ignored in low-frequency range. Then, the influence of equivalent spring stiffness, damping constant, and rubber bushing stiffness on the stiffness and damping capacity of the semi-active hydraulic damping strut were analyzed. Finally, the prototype of the semi-active hydraulic damping strut was developed and designed based on the vehicle in situ shift and engine key on/off situations, and experiments of the vehicle with and without semi-active hydraulic damping strut were carried out to verify its function.

An articulated frame steered vehicle model with torsio-elastic suspension is established in Adams/View. The model considered the influence of the hydraulic steering system on the yaw stability of articulated vehicles, thus, the hydraulic steering system is formulated and modeled in MATLAB/Simulink. The ride and roll/yaw stability of the vehicle model is investigated via co-simulation of Adams and Simulink. The Adams vehicle model is verified based on the vibration acceleration responses near the seat position at constant forward speeds. The hydraulic steering system model is validated through the steady-state steering maneuver. Relative ride performance of unsuspended and fully suspended vehicle is investigated in terms of unweighted and frequency-weighted root-mean-square accelerations. The roll and yaw stability of vehicle model with and without suspension at loaded and unloaded conditions are subsequently analyzed in terms of roll angle, roll safety factor, lateral acceleration, critical speed, and so on. The results show that the torsio-elastic suspension can efficiently reduce the vibrations of the vehicle, and the articulated frame steer vehicles applied with torsio-elastic suspension yield slightly lower roll/yaw stability but substantial reductions in the ride vibration levels. The results provide some reference for the suspension and steering system design of articulated engineering vehicle.