The quality and shelf life of meat and meat products are key factors that are usually evaluated by complex and laborious protocols and intricate sensory methods. Devices with attractive characteristics (fast reading, portability, and relatively low operational costs) that facilitate the measurement of meat and meat products characteristics are of great value. This review aims to provide an overview of the fundamentals of electronic nose (E-nose), eye (E-eye), and tongue (E-tongue), data preprocessing, chemometrics, the application in the evaluation of quality and shelf life of meat and meat products, and advantages and disadvantages related to these electronic systems. E-nose is the most versatile technology among all three electronic systems and comprises applications to distinguish the application of different preservation methods (chilling vs. frozen, for instance), processing conditions (especially temperature and time), detect adulteration (meat from different species), and the monitoring of shelf life. Emerging applications include the detection of pathogenic microorganisms using E-nose. E-tongue is another relevant technology to determine adulteration, processing conditions, and to monitor shelf life. Finally, E-eye has been providing accurate measuring of color evaluation and grade marbling levels in fresh meat. However, advances are necessary to obtain information that are more related to industrial conditions. Advances to include industrial scenarios (cut sorting in continuous processing, for instance) are of great value.

Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) consist in a semiconductor of light, that are emerging in the market, due to their singular characteristics, as being a solid-state cold source of light, which has potential application in food preservation. For this reason, this study lens to provide a review of the effects of LED and UV LED application in fresh fruits and vegetables, under refrigeration storage. Analyzing the LED role, in extending the shelf-life of postharvest food, these present the capability of improving the quality physicochemical and microbiological of fruits and vegetables, such as: color (chlorophyll), weight loss, total phenolic and flavonoid content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and total soluble solids. In addition, it’s able to stop chemical reactions and increasing the activity of fruits and vegetable defenses. UV LED light, on the other hand, operates in an effective and straightway in the inactivation the food pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella spp, for example. Therefore, UV LED light can be applied to delay the senescence of foods, however, the wavelength must match the target organism, depending on the food.

This article discusses the issues of food safety and food security as a matter of global health. Foodborne illness and deaths caused by pathogens in food continue to be a worldwide problem, with a reported 600 million cases per year, leading to around 420,000 deaths in 2010. Predictive microbiology can play a crucial role in ensuring safe food through mathematical modelling to estimate microbial growth and behaviour. Food security is described as the social and economical means of accessing safe and nutritious food that meets people's dietary preferences and requirements for an active and healthy life. The article also examines various factors that influence food security, including economic, environmental, technological, and geopolitical challenges globally. The concept of food safety is described as a science-based process or action that prevents food from containing substances that could harm human health. Food safety receives limited attention from policymakers and consumers in low- and middle-income countries, where food safety issues are most prevalent. The article also highlights the importance of detecting contaminants and pathogens in food to prevent foodborne illnesses and reduce food waste. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), an institution belonging to World Health Organization (WHO) presented calls to action to solve some of the emerging problems in food safety, as it should be a concern of all people to be involved in the pursue of safer food. The guarantee of safe food pertaining to microbiological contamination, as there are different types of active microorganisms in foods, could be obtained using predictive microbiology tools, which study and analyse different microorganisms' behaviour through mathematical models. Studies published by several authors show the application of primary, secondary, or tertiary models of predictive microbiology used for different food products.