The taking over the principles and procedure from the previous legislation (Law of National Education no. 1/2011), the legislator brings in 2023, through the new Law no. 199, changes to the regime of disciplinary liability of teaching staff. The clear distinction between the legal regime and the administrative act of the decision of the University Ethics Commission regulated in Law no. 199/2023 removes the sanction for the violation of ethical norms from the scope of disciplinary liability, as was considered by the majority of national jurisprudence under the old regulation. Our comparative analysis aims to highlight the new regulations, although some inadvertent ones persist.

Tort liability is one of the important legal institutions in civil law seeking compensation for damage, and in certain circumstances, we also find it in employment relationships as a form distinct from patrimonial liability, the objective of which is also compensation for damage. Given the onerous nature of the employment relationship, in the cases that we will analyze about the admissibility of tort liability, we start from the same rights and obligations of the parties in the sense that the damage caused by the employee or the employer is due a failure in fulfilling the obligations in the employment relationship. Although the patrimonial liability as regulated by Art. 254 of the Labor Code is a special responsibility of the employment relationship, the text of the law does not qualify this type of liability as exclusive in the case of the employment relationship, which is why the caselaws identify situations where tort liability is also generated in the context of such employment relationships.

Increasingly common in labor law disputes, the petitions regarding the award of non-material damages to applicant are subject to judicial review they are working to ensure full compensation in case of illegal conduct also in labor law. Despite the fact that the labor law does not protect and does not have as its object the non-patrimonial aspects of the parties, as repercussions on the injured person, the full reparation is ensured by repairing the moral suffering that is generated by the illegality, including with regard to the employment relationship. All the more we could say that the repair can also have a moral side in the conditions in which the parts of the employment relationship, especially the employee, invest his knowledge, time, and skills, elements related to his personality and attitude. The analysis proposed by that article seeks precisely to justify non-material damages, on the principles of tortious liability, in the context of contractual liability such as that in employment relationships, including the fact that it is possible to engage the employee's moral responsibility towards an individual employer.

The preoccupation of the Romanian Ministry of Education regarding ethics and integrity in higher education began with the highest level of studies, the doctoral studies. In time, the standards and implementation of anti-plagiarism mechanisms were also adapted to the master's and bachelor's works, in parallel with their introduction as a compulsory discipline in the university curriculum as „Ethics and Integrity”. The first measures were adopted in 2016 were to verify and sanction plagiarism in Doctoral Theses on the occasion of their completion and public defense. In 2021, based on the rules established in 2016, the central authorities retroactively extend this rule for all doctoral theses defended since 1990, through the mechanism of identification and verification of similarities between theses. At the same time there was the development of the platform with public access to all doctoral theses, a platform supported by the Portal Integrated Educational Register (https://rei.gov.ro), motivated by the need to increase transparency in the field of academic integrity. These administrative measures, although being applied retroactively and anachronic to the previous procedures, try to bring equity in the verification of doctoral theses from the perspective of similarities.

Cercetările actuale despre etică sunt în mare parte punctuale, încercând să identifice o problemă sau să găsească o soluție. Chiar și cercetările scientometrice despre etică urmează acest model. Considerăm că este necesar să aruncăm o privire mai atentă și să avem o imagine de ansamblu asupra a ceea ce reprezintă etica astăzi și spre ce se îndreaptă, în ceea ce privește literatura de specialitate din ultimii ani (2011-2021). Folosind metoda cercetării scientometrice, prin interogarea bazei de date Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, au fost stabilite două grupuri de cercetare asupra cărora au fost aplicate 10 criterii de analiză aferente noii interfețe WoS (lansată în 2021). Rezultatele studiului sunt prezentate în 22 de tabele care sunt interpretate printr-o abordare calitativă. Noutatea cercetării este evidențiată de interpretarea celor 31 de articole din Tabelul S1, care reprezintă studii scientometrice de etică și care se regăsesc grupate în 7 tabele în cadrul articolului. Concluziile care se desprind ne indică o creștere substanțială a interesului pentru etică, o acoperire aproape generală a domeniilor de cercetare cu subiecte etice, o largă distribuție teritorială (pe țară) și instituțională (pe afiliere) a autorilor, o finanțare substanțială de cercetare în acest domeniu dar și o disponibilitate a revistelor și a autorilor de a acorda acces gratuit la aceste studii. Aceste rezultate pot sta la baza viitoarelor cercetări scientometrice și/sau rafinate calitativ, pe oricare dintre domeniile și subdomeniile de cercetare evidențiate, pentru orice autor care este interesat de etică în propriul domeniu de cercetare.