A study of the influence of chronic alcohol intoxication, constant illumination and their combined effects on the morphofunctional state of the rat liver and the circadian rhythms (CR) of the studied parameters of the organism was carried out. It was found that both alcohol and constant illumination caused significant changes in the structure of the liver, as well as in the circadian rhythmicity of micromorphometric parameters of hepatocytes, ALT, and total and direct bilirubin rhythms; however, the combined effects of ethanol and constant illumination had the most significant effect on the studied parameters of the organism. These two factors caused disturbances in the circadian rhythms of the micromorphometric parameters of hepatocytes, disruption of the circadian rhythms of total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, and direct and total bilirubin, as well as disturbances in the expression and rhythmicity of the studied clock genes against a background of the development of an inflammatory process in the liver.

электронный журнал: Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология

Aim. To reveal the patho- and morphogenesis of microvascular injury, cardiac and vascular changes in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the role of cardiovascular pathology in the thanatogenesis of patients with chronic alcohol intoxication. Material and methods . The study was carried out using the data of 1118 autopsies of patients with AUD. We used histological, immuno-histochemical, electron microscopic and biochemical methods, as well as morphometrics with statistical processing of the results. Results. Most patients with binge drinking developed alcoholic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fatty degeneration, microvascular arteriolosclerosis and hyalinosis, diffuse focal sclerosis, as well as mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation of cristae in cardio-myocytes (CMC). The proportion of damaged CMC was 30,9±0,6%. Sclerosis affected 20,1±0,9% of the stroma. If alcohol was abandoned or consumed within the basal metabolic rate, these changes were reversible. With alcoholism, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis progressed. Compared with the binge drinking, the proportion of damaged CMC (44,8±1,1%) and the cardiosclerosis area (28,1±0,5%) significantly increased. Mallory bodies with autoantigen properties were detected. Morphological changes became irreversible. Conclusion . The data obtained identified the need for AUD isolation as an independent nosological entity with stage-by-stage pathogenesis. In the stage of binge drinking, the compensatory and adaptive capabilities of the body are preserved. With appropriate treatment, this stage of AUD is treatable. In the stage of alcoholism, changes in organs and tissues are irreversible, and it is more advisable for addiction medicine physicians to deal with palliative treatment of such patients.

The aim of the research was to study the effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and constant il-lumination on the circadian rhythms (CR) of some parameters of the cardiovascular system in rats separately, as well as to study the rhythms of these parameters under the combined action of chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) and constant illumination. It was found that chronic alcohol intoxication CAI at a fixed light regime causes a decrease in heart rate, an increase in SBP and PP; no changes were noted at CAI under constant lighting. At the same time, constant illumina-tion without ethanol exposure results in a decrease in heart rate and an increase in PP. At the same time, CAI with a fixed light regime leads to the destruction of CR of all parameters, except for MBP; at constant illumination with CAI no circadian rhythms of HR, DBP, PP and MBP are detected. Constant illumination leads to the destruction of the CR of PP. Among the remaining CRs, the heart rate rhythm, which is extant in the second group, persists practically unchanged, but the characteristics of all other CRs change significantly in comparison with control.

Introduction. Alcohol abuse is one of major health and social problems of modern society, the essence of which is an increase in morbidity and mortality not only from alcohol misuse and its complications, but also from associated comorbid pathologies. The liver is the organ that is affected most by ethanol and its metabolites. A significant factor leading to melatonin-associated morphological manifestations in the liver is the so-called light pollution, a violation of the light–dark regime. At the same time, heavy consumption of alcohol over a short period of time (alcoholic excesses) and other forms of alcoholic illness are often associated with various sleep disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological and functional state of the liver of Wistar rats under experimental alcohol intoxication in conditions of a fixed light regime and constant illumination. Materials and methods. Male rats (n=160) were kept under a fixed light regime, constant illumination, and at a combination of both light regimes with simultaneous experimental alcohol intoxication. We performed a pathological examination of the liver and determined morphometric parameters, hepatocyte ploidy, and the proportion of binuclear hepatocytes. Results. The consumption of 15% ethanol solution as a drink ad libitum for 3 weeks at a fixed light regime causes the development of fatty degeneration in the liver of laboratory animals. Secondary to it, changing lighting from fixed to constant is accompanied by the development of alcoholic hepatitis in about half of the animals. The results of micromorphometry indicate significant changes in the studied parameters of hepatocytes, which are expressed least of all in the case of ethanol consumption under fixed lighting condi-tions and affect most the cells of the liver parenchyma of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication secondary to constant lighting. Conclusion. Alcohol intoxication that occurs secondary to a melatonin deficiency caused by constant lighting is accompanied by a much greater severity, prevalence, and intensity of inflammatory tissue reactions and a variety of manifestations of liver pathology. Keywords: hepatocyte, alcohol, lighting regime, stress, fatty degeneration