We examined the relation between high mobility/migration (sex work in three or more villages/towns within the past year) and HIV risk factors among a sample of female sex workers (FSWs) in Andhra Pradesh, India. We recruited FSWs aged ≥18 years ( n = 673) through respondent-driven sampling for a survey on HIV risk. Adjusted logistic and linear regression models assessed high mobility in relation to sexual and physical victimization, sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms and treatment, condom use and negotiation, number and/or types of sex trades, number of clients and number of days worked. Twelve percent ( n = 82) of FSWs were highly mobile; those with high mobility were more likely to report recent HIV risk factors: sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0–8.9), physical violence (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.7), unprotected sex for more money (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–3.0), at least one STI symptom (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.1), a greater number of vaginal sex trades ( β = 3.9, P = 0.003), a greater number of clients ( β = 2.5, P = 0.02) and anal sex with clients (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4–4.1). Findings from this study underscore the violence and HIV-related vulnerability faced by mobile/migrant FSWs and highlight the need to inform and tailor related prevention strategies.