The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of environmental, social and governance performance on the economic performance of the Standard & Poor’s 500 companies. Structural equation modeling and linear regression have been utilized to measure the overall and individual influence of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on economic performance using longitudinal data comprising the years from 2010 to 2015. The overall ESG model had a significant relationship on economic performance. Furthermore, the findings of this study show that social and governance performance significantly affects economic performance in all regression models. However, environmental performance failed to show a significant relationship. The research contributes to the literature by providing insights for investors, managers and employees about the influence of ESG performance on company performance.

This study aims to investigate the nature and intensity of the changes in corporate financial performance due to the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures as a result of certain relationships between corporate governance and company performance in the non-financial sector. This study selected 625 non-financial companies across six organizations for economic cooperations (OECD) countries’ stock markets for the period of 10 years (2012–2021). For this qualitative study, corporate governance, financial performance, and corporate social responsibility score data were collected from the DataStream, a reliable database for examining the research on OECD countries’ listed companies. For the data analysis we applied various statistical tools such as regression analysis and moderation analysis. The findings of the study show that all attributes of the corporate governance mechanism, except for audit board attendance, have significant positive impacts on financial performance indicators for all the selected OECD economies except the country France. France’s code of corporate governance has a significant negative impact on return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) due to differences in cultural and operational norms of the country. The audit board attendance has no significant impact on ROA. Moreover, all the attributes except board size (BSIZ) have significant positive impacts on the earnings per share (EPS) in Spain, The United Kingdom (UK) and Belgium. The values obtained from the moderation effect show that Corporate social responsibility is the key factor in motivating corporate governance practices which eventually improves corporate financial performance. However, this study advocated the implications, Investors and stakeholders should consider both corporate governance and CSR disclosures when making investment decisions. Companies that prioritize both governance and CSR tend to have better financial performance and are more likely to mitigate risks. Moreover, the policy makers can improve the code of corporate governance in order to attain sustainable development in the stock market.

This study aims to apply the golden ratio to the capital structure of non-financial institutions in France and the United Kingdom to find the effect of the golden ratio’s deviation from the capital structure on financial performance. A golden ratio is an irrational number with an approximate value of 1.618. In this paper, the golden ratio was applied to develop the assumption that the firm should use debt at a percentage of 61.8% and equity at 38.2%, which deviates from the capital structure variables. The final study sample consisted of 150 non-financial institution firms from France and 200 from the U.K. between 2002 and 2021. In addition, the general method of movement (GMM) was chosen to estimate the effect of capital structure variables deviating from the golden ratio on firms’ financial performance. The study results show that when a firm uses equity at a percentage of 38.2% in its capital structure, it can have a positive and significant impact on its financial performance in both France and the U.K. However, the results show that the debt-to-equity ratio deviated from the golden ratio and had a negative and statistically significant effect on both countries’ TOBQ, EPS, ROA, and ROE. Moreover, the firms’ adoption of IFRS can positively and significantly impact financial performance in France and the UK. Generally, managers in France are encouraged to use 38.2% equity and 61.8% debt in their capital structure. However, managers in the U.K. should apply equity of 38.2% and debt of 61.8%, depending on the performance measurement demanded.

This study aims at investigating the mediating impact of business intelligence, innovation speed and innovation quality on the relationship between the different components of intellectual capital and competitive advantage in the context of Jordanian companies. To achieve this, the study developed a theoretical framework that depicts the mediation through data that were collected randomly, from the pharmaceutical and medical supplies companies, with a total sample of 569 participants. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, SEM (CB-SEM), for model fit and Process software for path analysis to estimate the different indirect effects. The findings provide evidence that all mediators serve differently as important mediating mechanisms between the different components of intellectual capital and competitive advantage. Overall, the results of this study show and clarify the mediating mechanism of business intelligence, innovation speed and innovation quality, as mediators through which human capital, structural capital and relational capital improve competitive advantage in the context of Jordanian companies.

This study analyzes the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a multidimensional sustainable development approach on customer loyalty and satisfaction through the mediation of customer identification. CSR is a key concept for banks to attract, retain, satisfy and increase the loyalty of customers. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the proposed relationship. The questionnaire was filled out by 389 banking sector customers. The findings suggested that customer identification mediates the relationship between the economic development dimension of CSR and customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, customer identification did not show a mediating effect between social equity and environmental protection dimension of CSR and customer loyalty and satisfaction. The findings are expected to provide insights into the importance of CSR for the banking industry in order to enhance favorable customer attitudes.

Academics and professionals frequently relate the success of environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) performance to a company's financial performance. Due to their potential to reduce a company's sustainability challenges, environmental innovation and ESG have attracted considerable attention in the business environment and academia. This study aims to investigate the relationship between environmental innovation, ESG, sustainable supply chain management, and firms' financial performance based on the resource-based view and stakeholder theory. We used lagged annual data from the Thomson Reuters ASSET 4 database between 2012 and 2021. The data consists of 223 firms that are headquartered in the United Kingdom. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method tests relationships and the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method tests for endogeneity. Combining ESG factors, both integrated and embedded, the findings show that environmental innovation, sustainable supply chain management, and ESG activity positively influence business value and financial performance. Our findings are significant for regulators, academics, and managers interested in green innovation, ESG ratings, and financial performance. Politicians and the board of executives are given information on the company's and nation's potential future development. This study offers empirical support for the use of ESG performance in the UK to advance proactive green innovation and further green development.