Background: The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters family is one of the largest families of membrane proteins existing in all living organisms. Pyrethroid resistance has become the largest unique obstacle for mosquito control worldwide. ABC transporters are thought to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in some agricultural pests, but little information is known for mosquitoes. Herein, we investigated the diversity, location, characteristics, phylogenetics, and evolution of ABC transporter family of genes in the Anopheles sinensis genome, and identified the ABC transporter genes associated with pyrethroid resistance through expression profiles using RNA-seq and qPCR. Results: 61 ABC transporter genes are identified and divided into eight subfamilies (ABCA-H), located on 22 different scaffolds. Phylogenetic and evolution analyses with ABC transporters of A. gambiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens suggest that the ABCD, ABCG, and ABCH subfamilies are monophyly, and that the ABCC and ABCG subfamilies have experienced a gene duplication event. Both RNA-seq and qPCR analyses show that the AsABCG28 gene is uniquely significantly upregulated gene in all three field pyrethroid-resistant populations (Anhui, Chongqing, and Yunnan provinces) in comparison with a laboratory-susceptible strain from Jiangsu province. The AsABCG28 is significantly upregulated at 12-h and 24-h after deltamethrin exposure in three-day-old female adults. Conclusion: This study provides the information frame for ABC transporter subfamily of genes, and lays an important basis for the better understanding and further research of ABC transporter function in insecticide toxification. The AsABCG28 gene is associated with pyrethroid detoxification, and it functions at later period in the detoxification process for xenobiotics transportation.

Sora phyllopa sp. nov. is described from Mêdog County, Xizang, China. This new species is characterized by the emarginate male profemora with protuberances on the ventral surface, expanded male metatibiae, as well as dentate female sutural angle. Habitus, aedeagus, and diagnostic features of the new species are illustrated.

The genus Taiwanolagria Masumoto is reviewed with two species, Taiwanolagria reni sp. nov. and Taiwanolagria merkli Masumoto, 1988. The new species from China can be diagnosed by the gently depressed male profemora, the expanded male metatibiae with basal tuft. Morphological comparisons of habitus, aedeagus, and diagnostic features of the two species are illustrated.

Tuberstira pennisgen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species within the tribe Lagriini, subtribe Statirina, is described from Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan, China. The genus is readily distinguished from all known Lagriini genera by: large eyes, nearly contiguous on the ventral surface; centrally elevated pronotal disc; corrugated elytra, with setigerous tubercles in intervals; coarsely punctate femora; and transversely expanded aedeagal apex in lateral view. The habitus, male genitalia, female genital tube, ovipositor and key diagnostic features are illustrated.

The species of the genus Lagria Fabricius, 1775 from China are reviewed with a total of 8 species recorded in this paper. One new species, Lagria (Lagria) medogensis sp. nov. is described from Tibet, China. Four species are newly recorded from China, Lagria (Ammocera) bhutanicola Merkl, 2019, L. (Am.) unicolor Borchmann, 1941, L. (L.) indicola Bates, 1879, and L. (L.) wanduensis Merkl, 2019. The Chinese provincial distribution records for three species are updated, L. (L.) ignota (Borchmann, 1941), L. (L.) nigricollis Hope, 1843, and L. (L.) oharai Masumoto, 1988. Intraspecific variability for L. (Am.) bhutanicola and similarity of color patterns among Ammocera species are discussed. L. (L.) indicola is redescribed and illustrated.