Audit logs are a critical component in today’s enterprise business systems as they provide several benefits such as records transparency and integrity and security of sensitive information by creating a layer of evidential support. However, current implementations are vulnerable to attacks on data integrity or availability. This paper presents a Blockchain-based audit trail mechanism that leverages the security features of Blockchain to enable secure and reliable audit trails and to address the aforementioned vulnerabilities. The architecture design and specific implementation are described in detail, resulting in a real prototype of a reliable, secure, and user-friendly audit trail mechanism.

Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructures has become a strategic priority in the era of a rapidly evolving cyber-physical threat landscape. The DYNABIC framework addresses this imperative by developing an integrated approach that ensures the continuity and protection of essential services such as energy, transport, health, and digital infrastructure. This chapter presents DYNABIC’s approach, which leverages the use of digital twin (DT) technology to enable real-time simulation, monitoring, and proactive intervention in physical systems. By embedding advanced cybersecurity controls within the DT, DYNABIC facilitates dynamic risk mitigation and adaptive response strategies. The framework also incorporates a diverse set of technologies, including AI-driven decision support, automated orchestration, and human-in-the-loop systems. It enhances resilience across four phases of the resilience cycle: Plan/Prepare, Absorb, Recover, and Adapt. A resilience matrix illustrates how each of DYNABIC’s capabilities contributes to these phases. This holistic approach positions DYNABIC as a solution for safeguarding critical infrastructures against evolving threats.

This chapter introduces the DYNABIC framework, a comprehensive and adaptive cybersecurity solution designed to enhance the resilience of Critical Infrastructures (CIs) in the face of evolving cyber-physical threats. The framework integrates advanced technologies such as digital twins, artificial intelligence, and cyber threat intelligence to enable real-time threat detection, simulation, and response. At its core, DYNABIC employs a bidirectionally synchronized digital twin to model and simulate cyber-physical systems, supporting dynamic risk mitigation and adaptive response strategies across the four phases of the resilience cycle: Plan/Prepare, Absorb, Recover, and Adapt. The architecture is modular and scalable, fostering collaboration among CIs and Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs). It includes key components such as MADT4BC, SOAR4BC, RISKM4BC, SIM4BC, AWARE4BC, and CTI4BC, which collectively support real-time monitoring, risk assessment, incident simulation, automated response, and threat intelligence sharing. The framework also incorporates a human-in-the-loop interface (AVATAR4BC) to enhance situational awareness and decision-making.